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GIHEP > L22: GI Viruses > Flashcards

L22: GI Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

What are enteroviruses? (definition)

A

viruses that are transmitted via the faecal-oral route without symptoms of diarrhea

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2
Q

The poliovirus has 3 distinct serotypes - which serotype is the most likely to cause paralysis?

A

Type 1

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3
Q

What is poliomyelitis?

A
  • infection caused by the polivirus

- most are asymptomatic but can cause paralysis in small population

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4
Q

What is the incubation period for poliovirus?

A

7 days

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5
Q

What are the 3 types of clinical presentations of a poliovirus infection?

A
  1. Nil/Mild illness
  2. Influenzae-like Illness
  3. Biphasic Illness
    - causes aseptic meningitis and/or paralytic poliomyelitis w/ acute flaccid paralysis
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6
Q

What investigations/tests can be used to diagnose a poliovirus infection?

A
  • PCR of CSF

- if early in the illness - viral culture of throat/faeces

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7
Q

What is the treatment of a poliovirus infection?

A

mainly supportive treatment

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8
Q

What are the modes of transmission of coxsackie viruses?

A
  • faecal oral
  • inhalation
  • direct contact w/ vesicles
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9
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of a Coxsackie A infection?

A
  • fever; common col
  • rash
  • herpangina (vesicles)
  • hand, foot and mouth disease (vesicles)
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10
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of a Coxsackie B infection?

A
  • fever
  • rash
  • meningitis
  • epidemic myalgia (Bornholm’s Disease)
  • bronchitis, pneumonia (in children)
  • myocarditis, pericarditis
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11
Q

What is herpangina? What viral infection is it associated with?

A
  • mouth blisters

- a/w Coxsackie A infection

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12
Q

What is Bornholm’s Disease? What viral infection is it associated with?

A
  • epidemic myalgia
  • characterized by paroxysms of stabbing pain in the muscles of the chest and abdomen
  • a/w Coxsackie B infection
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13
Q

What does the ECHO virus stand for?

A

Enteric Cytopathogenic Human Orphan

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14
Q

What are the modes of transmission of the ECHO virus?

A
  1. faecal-oral

2. oropharyngeal secretions

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15
Q

What are the symptoms/clinical presentation of an ECHO virus infection?

A
  • mainly asymptomatic*
  • fever
  • sore throat w/ rash
  • – rubella form rash
  • meningitis
  • diarrhea
  • myocarditis, pericarditis
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16
Q

What is enterovirus D68? What is it associated with?

A
  • non polio enterovirus
  • causes acute flaccid paralysis
  • typically occurs in children w/ severe respiratory illness (e.g. asthma)
17
Q

What is the treatment for enterovirus D68?

A
  • supportive treatment

- NO antiviral agents

18
Q

List the 5 gastrointestinal viruses that cause gastroenteritis

A
  1. Rotavirus
  2. Calicivirus
  3. Astrovirus
  4. Norovirus
  5. Adenovirus
19
Q

Which age group is most susceptible to a rotavirus infection?

A

between 6 to 24 months

20
Q

Outbreaks of rotavirus is most common in….

A

creches or children’s hospitals

21
Q

Which virus multiplies in the villi, denudes the microvilli and leads to HYPEROSMOTIC diarrhea from the malabsorptive state?

A

rotavirus

22
Q

What is a typical clinical presentation of a rotavirus infection?

A
  • diarrhea for 5 days
  • mild diarrhea + vomiting
  • or severe non-bloody watery diarrhea w/ dehydration
23
Q

What investigation/test is used to diagnose a rotavirus infection?

A

PCR of Faeces

24
Q

What is the treatment and prevention for rotavirus?

A

treatment = rehydration w/ a glucose or electrolyte mix

prevention = (oral) vaccine

25
Q

Which gastrointestinal virus is associated with a post-gastroenteritis lactose intolerance?

A

rotavirus

26
Q

What is post-gastroenteritis lactose intolerance?

A
  • persistent diarrhea exacerbated by milk

- may occur after a rotavirus infection

27
Q

Which gastrointestinal virus has a cup shaped, ‘calyx’, depression on its spherical capsid surface?

A

Caliciviruses

28
Q

Which gastrointestinal virus has a star-like appearance?

A

Astrovirus

29
Q

Which gastrointestinal virus is also called the ‘winter vomiting bug’?

A

Norovirus

30
Q

What is the clinical presentation of a norovirus infection?

A
  • acute diarrhea or vomiting
  • abdominal cramps
  • malaise
  • myalgia
  • headahce
  • spontaneous resolution in 24-48 hrs
31
Q

What is the treatment for a norovirus infection?

A
  • no treatment
  • just rehydration
  • spontaneous resolution in 24-48 hrs
32
Q

What investigation/test is used to diagnose a norovirus infection?

A

PCR of faeces

33
Q

Adenovirus is a gastrointestinal enterovirus. What are the 2 possible clinical presentations of this virus?

A
  1. Infantile Diarrhea - watery diarrhea + fever

2. Respiratory Infection - meningitis, conjunctivitis

GIHEP (24 decks)

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