L22: GI Viruses Flashcards
What are enteroviruses? (definition)
viruses that are transmitted via the faecal-oral route without symptoms of diarrhea
The poliovirus has 3 distinct serotypes - which serotype is the most likely to cause paralysis?
Type 1
What is poliomyelitis?
- infection caused by the polivirus
- most are asymptomatic but can cause paralysis in small population
What is the incubation period for poliovirus?
7 days
What are the 3 types of clinical presentations of a poliovirus infection?
- Nil/Mild illness
- Influenzae-like Illness
- Biphasic Illness
- causes aseptic meningitis and/or paralytic poliomyelitis w/ acute flaccid paralysis
What investigations/tests can be used to diagnose a poliovirus infection?
- PCR of CSF
- if early in the illness - viral culture of throat/faeces
What is the treatment of a poliovirus infection?
mainly supportive treatment
What are the modes of transmission of coxsackie viruses?
- faecal oral
- inhalation
- direct contact w/ vesicles
What are the clinical manifestations of a Coxsackie A infection?
- fever; common col
- rash
- herpangina (vesicles)
- hand, foot and mouth disease (vesicles)
What are the clinical manifestations of a Coxsackie B infection?
- fever
- rash
- meningitis
- epidemic myalgia (Bornholm’s Disease)
- bronchitis, pneumonia (in children)
- myocarditis, pericarditis
What is herpangina? What viral infection is it associated with?
- mouth blisters
- a/w Coxsackie A infection
What is Bornholm’s Disease? What viral infection is it associated with?
- epidemic myalgia
- characterized by paroxysms of stabbing pain in the muscles of the chest and abdomen
- a/w Coxsackie B infection
What does the ECHO virus stand for?
Enteric Cytopathogenic Human Orphan
What are the modes of transmission of the ECHO virus?
- faecal-oral
2. oropharyngeal secretions
What are the symptoms/clinical presentation of an ECHO virus infection?
- mainly asymptomatic*
- fever
- sore throat w/ rash
- – rubella form rash
- meningitis
- diarrhea
- myocarditis, pericarditis
What is enterovirus D68? What is it associated with?
- non polio enterovirus
- causes acute flaccid paralysis
- typically occurs in children w/ severe respiratory illness (e.g. asthma)
What is the treatment for enterovirus D68?
- supportive treatment
- NO antiviral agents
List the 5 gastrointestinal viruses that cause gastroenteritis
- Rotavirus
- Calicivirus
- Astrovirus
- Norovirus
- Adenovirus
Which age group is most susceptible to a rotavirus infection?
between 6 to 24 months
Outbreaks of rotavirus is most common in….
creches or children’s hospitals
Which virus multiplies in the villi, denudes the microvilli and leads to HYPEROSMOTIC diarrhea from the malabsorptive state?
rotavirus
What is a typical clinical presentation of a rotavirus infection?
- diarrhea for 5 days
- mild diarrhea + vomiting
- or severe non-bloody watery diarrhea w/ dehydration
What investigation/test is used to diagnose a rotavirus infection?
PCR of Faeces
What is the treatment and prevention for rotavirus?
treatment = rehydration w/ a glucose or electrolyte mix
prevention = (oral) vaccine
Which gastrointestinal virus is associated with a post-gastroenteritis lactose intolerance?
rotavirus
What is post-gastroenteritis lactose intolerance?
- persistent diarrhea exacerbated by milk
- may occur after a rotavirus infection
Which gastrointestinal virus has a cup shaped, ‘calyx’, depression on its spherical capsid surface?
Caliciviruses
Which gastrointestinal virus has a star-like appearance?
Astrovirus
Which gastrointestinal virus is also called the ‘winter vomiting bug’?
Norovirus
What is the clinical presentation of a norovirus infection?
- acute diarrhea or vomiting
- abdominal cramps
- malaise
- myalgia
- headahce
- spontaneous resolution in 24-48 hrs
What is the treatment for a norovirus infection?
- no treatment
- just rehydration
- spontaneous resolution in 24-48 hrs
What investigation/test is used to diagnose a norovirus infection?
PCR of faeces
Adenovirus is a gastrointestinal enterovirus. What are the 2 possible clinical presentations of this virus?
- Infantile Diarrhea - watery diarrhea + fever
2. Respiratory Infection - meningitis, conjunctivitis
