L22 - Disorders of Cognition

Question 1

What is retrograde amnesia?

Answer 1

Loss of memory of events leading up to a brain injury or insult.

Question 2

What is post-traumatic amnesia?

Answer 2

Permanent loss of memory of events for a period following a brain injury.

Question 3

Examples of domains of cognition

Answer 3

Memory 
Language 
Attention 
Praxis - cognition of movement
Gnosis - cognition of perception 
Planning 
Understanding others

Question 4

What are some examples of conscious memory?

Answer 4

1. Episodic
   - for events
2. Semantic
   - knowledge
3. Working memory
   - attention

Question 5

What are some examples of unconscious memory?

Answer 5

1. Procedural memory
   - memories for skill, bike riding
2. Priming (being able to name a capital city)
3. Conditioning (Pavlov’s dogs)

Question 6

When assessing language of a patient what should we test?

Answer 6

1. Fluency
2. Comprehension
3. Repetition
4. Naming

Question 7

What aspect of language is phonology?

Answer 7

The sounds

Question 8

What aspect of language is syntax?

Answer 8

Structure of a sentence, how the words go together.

Question 9

Semantics

Answer 9

Meaning of the language and the words within it.

Question 10

Prosoidy

Answer 10

Way you use the words, change of pitches

Question 11

What is Praxis?

Answer 11

Process by which a theory, lesson or skill is enacted or realised.

Question 12

Praxis: Ideomotor

Answer 12

Selection of action

Question 13

Praxis: Ideational

Answer 13

combining actions in a plan.

Question 14

Praxis: Constructional

Answer 14

challenge of putting things together, actions involving environmental objects

Question 15

What is gnosis?

Answer 15

KNOWLEDGE!

Question 16

Describe apperceptive agnosia?

Answer 16

Person cannot reliably name, match or discriminate visually presented objects, despite adequate elementary visual function (visual fields, acuity and color vision)

Question 17

Describe associative agnosia?

Answer 17

Person cannot use derived perceptual representation to access stored knowledge of objects function and association.

Can copy and match drawing but can’t identify it

Question 18

State some sub-domains of behaviour?

Answer 18

1. Executive function
   - ideational praxis
2. Social cognition
3. Motivation / reward
4. Attention
   - verbal, non-verbal
5. Alertness / consciousness

Question 19

Lesion in two different bits of the limbic system will still result in?

Answer 19

Impairment of episodic memory.

Question 20

What is amnesia?

Answer 20

Impairment of episodic memory

Question 21

What is Delirium?

Answer 21

An acute confusional state.

Question 22

Damage to what area might result in amnesia?

Answer 22

Damage to hypothalamus.

Question 23

What is korsakoff’s psychosis?

Answer 23

Late complication of persistent Wernicke encephalopathy

- results in memory deficits, confusion and behavioural changes.

Question 24

Alexia

Answer 24

Acquired disorder of reading

Question 25

Agraphia

Answer 25

Loss of disturbance of the abillity to write or spell

Question 26

Dyslexia

Answer 26

Difficulty in reading and writing.

Question 27

What is broca type aphasia?

Answer 27

AKA motor, anterior, expressive aphasia

speaking slowly, short sentences, getting the sequence wrong

Question 28

In Wernicke’s aphasia where is the lesion found?

Answer 28

1. posterior 2/3rds of superior temporal gyrus

Question 29

Which BV is affected in stroke?

Stroke can be a recognised cause of aphasia

Answer 29

Middle cerebral artery.

Question 30

Why is it unusual to have profound aphasia with Multiple Sclerosis?

Answer 30

Aphasia generally is a cortical syndrome.

Whereas autoimmunity problem in MS is against the myelin

Question 31

What is Alzheimer’s disease?

Answer 31

Chronic neurodegenerative disease, usually starts slowly and gradually worsens over time.

most common cause of persistent cognitive impairment.