Neurology Y2

Describe and differentiate between the cerebral, cerebellar and brainstem arterial supply and trace their origin and anastomosis. Describe cerebrospinal fluid circulation and abnormalities that may interrupt the flow of CSF. Define and describe the dural venous sinuses and their venous flow pattern. Describe how a haemorrhage or blockage could disrupt the flow of arterial, venous or CSF flow and the resulting implications.

1. Revise neurosensory anatomy and physiology 2. Lesion and location 3. Clinico-anatomical method in neuroscience 4. General review of disease types 5. General principles of disease course

1. Learn about abnormalities of neural development including neural tube defects and abnormalities of cortical development. 2. Understand cerebral palsy and the neurological effects of birth injury.

1. Revise modes of inheritance relevant in clinical neuroscience including AD, AR, X-Linked, mitochondrial, anticipation in triplet repeat disorder. 2. Learn examples of important inherited neurological diseases that present in early life and those that present in maturity.

1. Understand the forms of neoplasia that may arise from cells. 2. Understand the distinction between neoplasia and dysplasia. 3. Concepts of staging and grading. 4. Revise the different cell types of the nervous system and associated tissues. 5. Learn that tumours may metastasise to the nervous system or affect the nervous system remotely (paraneoplastic effects) 6. Learn about the pathological complications of brain tumours.

1. Understand the pathophysiology of seizures and epilepsy 2. Learn about types of epilepsy and underlying causes - structural, genetic and autoimmune. 3. Understand disorders of the ion channel - central and peripheral, congenital or autoimmune (primary and paraneoplastic)

1. Learn about different types of meningitis - viral, bacterial, fungal and (non infective) 2. Understand acute intracranial infections - bacterial meningitis, viral encephalitis and brain abscess 3. Understand chronic infections of the nervous system - chronic meningeal infections, HIV, JC virus and measles reactiviation, prion diseases

1. Understand the abnormalities of cerebral blood supply include ischaemia and haemorrhage. 2. Learn about types of ischaemic cerebral lesions - large and small vessel occlusion. 3. Understand risk factors relevant for ischaemic stroke. 4. Understand the subdivision of intracranial haemorrhages by location. 5. Learn about lesions that may underlie intracranial haemorrhage - vascular anomalies (aneurysms - berry and Charcot-Bouchard, AVMs and tumours)

1. Recognise the frequency of functional neurological disorders, and medical unexplained syndromes, and the range of severity. 2. Define somatisation, somatoform disorder, conversion disorder, dissociation, malingering and factitious disorder. 3. Understand that abnormal health beliefs may occur in depression and schizophrenia, but that these syndromes differ from the functional disorders. 4. Learn about common functional neurological presentations including non-epileptic attack disorder, functi

1. Describe normal CSF circulation 2. Communicating hydrocephalus 3. Non-communicating hydrocephalus 4. Developmental abnormalities of skull base 5. Syringomyella 6. Idiopathic intracranial hypertension 7. Abnormal eye movements 8. False localising 9. Venous sinus thrombis

- Understand the clinical syndromes that localise to the peripheral nervous system - mononeuropathy, multiple mononeuropathy, polyneuropathy, plexopathy and radiculopathy with examples - Understand the subtypes of polyneuropathy - acute or chronic, demyelinating or axonal, large fibre or small fibre, sensory, motor or autonomic. - Learn about the range of pathological processes that affect the peripheral nerves - genetic, inflammatory, toxic, metabolic (eg diabetes).

1. Revise peripheral and central neural pathways that subserve pain 2. Learn about localisation in pain syndromes - ranging from small fibre peripheral neuropathy to thalamic infarction 2. Understand complex regional pain syndromes and phantom limb phenomenon. 3. Know difference between primary and secondary head aches. 4. Understand that primary headache disorders differ from other types of pain and are managed differently, and know the important types of primary headache - migraine, cluster

1. Pathophysiology of seizures, epilepsy 2. Types of epilepsy 3. Underlying causes of epilepsy 4. Structural, genetic, autoimmune causes of epilepsy 5. Disorders of ion channels, central, peripheral, congenital, autoimmune (primary, paraneoplastic) 6. Disorder of neuromuscular junction: Myasthinia Gravis and effect of clostridial toxins

1. Revise anatomy of inner ear, vestibular cochlea nerve 2. Learn about disease of the outer and middle ear. 3. Disorder of inner eat affecting hearing and balance 4. Understand CNS lesions rarely cause hearing loss 5. Describe common causes of lightheadedness and feeling faint 6. Describe common causes of low BP, disease vestibular apparatus, brain stem and cerebellar disease

1. Revise visual pathways up to and behind the optic chiasm 2. Describe types of visual field loss and how these correspond to certain locations within the visual system. 3. Learn the chief causes of visual field loss. 4. Describe the common disorders of the extraocular muscle system (squint / straibismus, double vision and amblyopia) 5. Learn the common / important causes of double vision (nerve palsies, myasthenia gravis. thyroid eye disease, mitochondiral disease / CPEO)

1. Define the components of the basal ganglia - the nuclei and pathways 2. Describe and define the differences between an upper motor neuron and a lower motor neuron. 3. Describe and define the differences between an upper motor neuron lesion and a lower motor neuron lesion and their implications. 4. Describe how cranial nerve abnormalities can manifest - trigeminal neuralgia, facial palsy and disorders of the eye. 5. Be able to trace the pathways of the major sensory and motor pathways thro

- Risk factors for head injury and markers of severity - Difference between primary and secondary brain injury. - Delivery of medical intervention affects latter - Understand complications of head injury - Importance of rehabilitation

1. Understand the distinction between the neuroses and psychoses 2. Learn about depression, its symptoms and key chemical and genetic determinants 3. Learn about schizophrenia, its symptoms and key chemical and genetic determinants

1. Key domains of cognition: attention, memory, language, executive function, social cognition, higher order sensory function, high order motor function 2. Lesions producing amnesia, Korsakoff psychosis, viral encephalitis 3. Understand acute confusion 4. Learn the localisation of cognitive syndromes - language areas, functional areas within the frontal lobes, areas involved with higher sensory and motor processing. 5. Learn about Alzheimers disease as the most common cause of persistent cogn