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MBBS II ERS > L21 - Histology of the Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

L21 - Histology of the Male Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Tract the drainage of sperm in the testis?

A

Seminiferous tubule > Straight tubule > Rete testis > Efferent ductules > Epididymis

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2
Q

Describe the internal organization of testis?

A

Tunica albuginea = thick connective tissue capsule surrounding testis

Extensions of t. albuginea form septa: separate lobules

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3
Q

Describe the lining and function of seminiferous tubules in testis?

A

1-4 coiled tubes in each lobule:

  • Lined by Stratified Germinal epithelium
  • Location of spermatogenic cell division, maturation and transform into sperm
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4
Q

Function of the Vas deferens?

A
  • Connect epididymis to ejaculatory duct

- Strong smooth muscle contraction expel sperm during ejaculation

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5
Q

Define the brief functions of each accessory gland in male reproductive tract?

A
  • Bulbourethral gland = lubricating mucus secretion, neutralize vaginal acidity
  • Prostate = proteolytic enzyme to breakdown clotting factors in ejaculate for sperm fluidity
  • Seminal vesicles = most of semen secretion, rich in fructose, ions, anti-oxidants…etc
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6
Q

Define the erectile tissue in penis?

A

three masses of erectile tissue:

  • paired corpora cavernosa
  • corpus spongiosum
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7
Q

Define the epithelium and cell type in: Seminiferous tubules

A

Stratified Germinal epithelium (thick)

Surrounded by thin layer of connective tissue

Sertoli cells + spermatogenic cells sit on thick basal lamina

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8
Q

Define the epithelium and cell type in: Straight tubules and Rete testis

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Lined by sertoli cells and simple cuboidal cells with short microvilli and single flagellum

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9
Q

Define the epithelium type in: Efferent ductules

A

Columnar epithelium with cilia

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10
Q

Define the epithelium and cell type in: Epididymis

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with stereocilia

Principal cells with stereocilia, surrounded by Basal cells and smooth muscle

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11
Q

Define the epithelium and smooth muscle type in: Vas deferens and ejaculatory duct

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with stereocilia (like epididymis

3 layers of smooth muscle:

  • Inner longitudinal
  • Circular intermediate
  • Outer longitudinal
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12
Q

Define the epithelium type in: Seminal vesicles, prostate and Bulbourethral glands

A

glandular epithelium

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13
Q

Define the epithelium type in: Urethra?

A

transitional epithelium
→ pseudostratified or stratified columnar
→ non-keratinzed stratified squamous epithelium

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14
Q

Type of structural connective tissue in testis?

A
  • Tunica albuginea: dense, irregular connective tissue

- invaginate and continues as Interlobular septa and Mediastinum testis

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15
Q

Type of cell found in interstitium of testis?

A

In connective tissue: Leydig cells and Myofibroblasts

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16
Q

Which cells have Reinke crystals in testis?

A

Leydig cells

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17
Q

Define the cell types in seminiferous tubules?

A

Germinal epithelium:

Sertoli cells + Spermatogonia

18
Q

Describe the process of spermatogenesis in seminiferous tubule in testis?

A

1) Spermatogonium diploid (2n)
2) Develop into primary spermatocyte
3) a primary spermatocyte generates two secondary spermatocytes
4) Two haploid spermatids (haploid cells) are generated by each secondary spermatocyte, total = four spermatids
5) Spermiogenesis (maturation) into spermatozoa

19
Q

Function of Sertoli cells?

A

Partially envelop germ cells:

  • Support, protect and nourish spermatogenic cells
  • Phagocytose cytoplasmic remnants of spermatids
  • Signalling germ cells, Leydig cells
  • Establish the blood-testis barrier****
20
Q

What cell provides the testis with immunological previledge?

A

Sertoli cells form adjacent tight junctions near basal lamina of seminiferous tubule > blood-testis barrier

21
Q

Describe how sertoli cells continue to provide protection for developing spermatocytes moving into lumen of seminiferous tubule?

A

New tight junctions continue to form behind moving spermatocytes&raquo_space; continue to envelop

22
Q

Describe the cell types and structure of the interstitium of testis?

A

Interstitium = space between basal lamina and adjacent seminiferous tubules

Leydig cells, Fibroblasts, mast cells, macrophages

Rich in collagen

23
Q

How do seminiferous tubules increase sperm expulsion?

A

Outer wall of seminiferous tubules have myoid cells

> > contraction to propel sperm to lumen

24
Q

Location and function of Leydig cells in testis?

A

Dispersed in clusters through interstitial tissue between seminiferous tubules

Synthesis of testosterone

25
Q

Histological appearance of Leydig cells?

A

Large round nucleus

Abundant sER and Golgi

Contains crystals of Reinke

26
Q

What do efferent ductules connect in testis? Function?

A

pierce tunica albuginea to carry sperm from rete testis to epididymis

Resorb most luminal fluid secreted by the Sertoli cells

Ciliated columnar cells move the spermatozoa

27
Q

Define the secretions by Seminal vesicles?

A
  • fructose (provide energy),
  • ascorbic acid, (antioxidant),
  • stimulators of sperm motility: potassium, bicarbonate, magnesium, prostaglandin,

•semenogelin:coagulum formation, inhibit sperm capacitation and motility

28
Q

Describe the epithelium of seminal vesicles?

A

Glandular epithelium:

  • Highly convoluted/ invaginated, irregular epithelium
  • Supported by extensive lamina propria
  • 2 layers of Muscularis: inner circular, outer longitudinal
  • Adventitia
29
Q

Describe the epithelium in prostate?

A

Glandular epithelium:

  • Simple columnar cells arranged in glandular acini, surrounding large irregular lumen
  • Fibromuscular stroma extend throughout
  • Dispersed Prostatic concretions
30
Q

What marker is used to Dx Benign prostate hyperplasia? Which zone of prostate secretes this?

A

PSA

Transitional zone: anterior to Periurethral gland zone

31
Q

Describe the epithelium in Bulbourethral (Cowper’s) gland?

A

Tubular alveolar glands:

Simple columnar cells arranged in acini with large, irregular lumen

32
Q

Function of Bulbourethral gland secretion?

A

slippery, mucous fluid which lubricate the urethra + tip of penis

Neutralize any acidity from residual urine in the urethra + acidity of the vagina

33
Q

Anatomical location and opening of the Bulbourethral glands?

A

At roof of penis, embedded in muscle of urogenital diaphragm

Excretory duct terminate at proximal penile urethra

34
Q

Define the 3 erectile tissue in penis?

A

Corpus cavernosum

Corpus spongiosum

35
Q

Define the histological layers of the penis from superficial to deep?

A
  • Superficial fascia (Colles’ fascia)
  • Deep fascia (Buck’s fascia)
  • Tunica albuginea
  • Erectile tissue:
    i) Paired Corpus cavernosum with deep artery of penis at center
    ii) Corpus spongiosum with urethra in center
36
Q

Epithelium of erectile tissue of penis?

A

Irregular vascular spaces with vascular epithelium

37
Q

Define the 6 layers of the scrotum

A
  • Skin
  • Dartos muscle and fascia
  • External spermatic fascia
  • Cremasteric muscle
  • Internal spermatic fascia
  • Parietal and visceral Tunica Vaginalis
38
Q

Describe the epithelium, epidermis and dermis of skin at scrotum?

A

epithelium: thin, corrugated and pigmented;
epidermis: keratinized squamous epithelium

dermis; divided in half by a midline cutaneous raphe

39
Q

Describe the function and structure of Dartos muscle and fascia in scrotum?

A

two coherent plexuses of smooth muscle cells;

contracts in cold or during sexual stimulation

40
Q

Which layer of the scrotum carry oblique muscles?

A

External spermatic fascia: continuation of external oblique aponeurosis

Cremasteric muscle: bundles of skeletal muscle, continuation of internal oblique muscle

41
Q

What does the internal spermatic fascia connect?

A

Attach transversalis fascia to tunica vaginalis

MBBS II ERS (37 decks)

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