L20 Inflammatories & Anti-Inflammatories Flashcards
Outline acute inflammation
The local accumulation of fluid containing plasma proteins and white blood cells
- often non-specific
- very dynamic
- local physiological response to injury
- responds to infection and cell death
What does the response of inflammation aim to do?
- restrict damage or infection to a localised area
- remove the causative agent and damaged tissue
- promote immune cell access to the site to initiate repair of damaged tissue
List the innate, non-specific first line defence mechanisms
1) skin
2) mucous membranes
3) secretions of the skin and mucous membranes
List the innate, non-specific second line defence mechanisms
1) phagocytic white blood cells
2) antimicrobial proteins
3) the inflammatory response
List the adaptive, specific third line defence mechanisms
1) lymphocytes
2) antibodies
What are the cardinal signs of acute inflammation?
- heat
- erythema
- oedema
- pain (loss of function)
Which innate response induce acute inflammation?
1) bacteria trigger macrophages to release cytokines and chemokines
2) vasodilation and increased vascular permeability cause redness, heat and swelling
3) inflammatory cells migrate into tissue which releases inflammatory mediators that cause pain
What are the innate responses that induce acute inflammation?
1) bacteria trigger macrophages to release cytokines and chemokines
2) vasodilation and increased vascular permeability cause redness, heat and swelling
3) inflammatory cells migrate into tissue which releases inflammatory mediators that cause pain
Which key cells are recruited during acute inflammation?
1) macrophages
2) dendritic cells
3) neutrophils
4) eosinophils
5) basophils
6) mast cells
What is the function of macrophages?
Phagocytosis and activation of bactericides mechanisms
Antigen presentation
What is the function of dendritic cells?
Antigen uptake in peripheral sites
Antigen presentation
What is the function of neutrophils?
Phagocytosis and activation of bactericidal mechanisms
What is the function of eosinophils?
Killing of antibody-coated parasites
What is the function of basophils?
The promotion of allergic responses and augmentation of anti-parasitic immunity
What is the function of mast cells?
Release of granules containing histamine and active agents
What are the four stages of inflammation?
1) tissue damage
2) vasodilation
3) cell recruitment - phagocyte migration and marginal ion
4) tissue repair
What occurs during the tissue repair stage?
1) clotting, annexin and fibrin release
2) fibrin lays down collagen - scars
What is the structure of a scar?
Linear collagen structure
What happens when a superficial cut leaves no scar?
The basement membrane remains in tact and a cross-collagen layer remains for new tissue to build on
What are Eicosanoids?
A group of physiologically active lipid compounds
Signalling molecules made by the enzymatic or non-enzymatic oxidation of arachidonic acid
What’s the role of prostacylclin?
- vasodilation
- stops platelet activation
- increases blood flow
What is the role of prostaglandins?
- fever
- pain
- vascular permeability
What is the role of thromboxane?
- vasoconstriction
- activates platelets
What are the roles of leukotrienes?
- inflammation
- chemotatic effect on neutrophils (recruit more)
