Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Small Animal Medicine: Exam 2 (Spring 2016) > L20: Chronic Vomiting In Dogs And Cats (Hill) > Flashcards

L20: Chronic Vomiting In Dogs And Cats (Hill) Flashcards

1
Q

Causes of dysphagia/regurge/vomiting

A

Intestinal vs. non-intestinal

  • inflammation/infection
  • extraluminal compression
  • intraluminal obstruction
  • toxin
  • neuromuscular dysfx
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

2 main categories of dysphagia

A

Oral (more common)

Pharyngeal (less common)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Causes of oral dysphagia

A

Congenital: cleft lip/palate (brachycephalics)

Acquired:

  • dental/gingivitis/periodontal dz
  • eosinophilic and other ulcers ex. Colici (cats)
  • stomatitis in cats
  • benign mucosal hyperplasia (collies, boxers, drugs like cyclosporine, amlodipine)
  • ranula
  • vesicular dz
  • FB
  • retrobulbar abscess
  • sialocele/sialodenitis
  • craniomandibular osteopathy
  • masticatory muscle myositis
  • trigeminal neuritis (dropped jaw)
  • neoplasia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Chronic Ulcerative Paradental Stomatitis (CUPS)

A
  • gingiva reacting to tooth tartar, or sometimes assoc. with outflow of salivary duct
  • Tx: immunosuppression therapy or removing teeth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Sialoadenitis

A
  • causes inflammation behind the eye
  • opening mouth can put pressure on salivary ducts and back of eyes
  • can cause a form of seizures which –> chronic vomiting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Benign neoplasia or the oral cavity

A
  • epulides

- papillomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Malignant neoplasia of the oral cavity

A
  • SCC
  • Melanoma
  • Fibrosarcoma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Pharyngeal dz differentials

A
  • inflammation
  • compression
  • luminal mass
  • MOST common: neuromuscular dz: cricopharyngeal achalasia or dyssynchrony, rabies

*pharyngeal dz can look like other things ie. Trigeminal palsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cricopharyngeal achalasia more common in younger or older dogs?

A

Younger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Eval for oral dz or dysphagia

A

-Hx/PE
-watch try to eat or drink
-exam of mouth and pharynx under general anesthesia!
-look for odynophagia (painful swallowing) and when it occurs
+/- blood tests/rads/fluoro/EMG/Ab test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Swallowing disorders and tx

A 
Cricopharyngeal achalasia (failure of UES to open): sx or botox injections
Cricopharyngeal dyssnchrony (bad timing of UES opening): tx as megaesophagus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

4 causes of regurgitation

A

1) Neuromuscular dysfx
2) Intraluminal obstruction
3) Inflammatory dz
4) Extraluminal compression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Causes of neuromuscular dysfx –> regurgitation

A
  • megaesophagus (acquired or idiopathic)*
  • esophageal dysmotility (+/- LarPar) due to myasthenia*, polymyositis/neuritis, SLE hypoadrenocorticism, hypothyroidism, organophosphate or lead toxicity, distemper
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Causes of intraluminal obstruction –> regurgitation

A
  • FB/hairball*
  • stricture*
  • hiatal hernia*
  • granuloma spirocerca lupi*
  • tumor
  • esophageal diverticulum
  • gastroesophageal intussussception (stomach herniates into esophagus)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Inflammatory diseases that –> regurgitation

A
  • Esophagitis (thermal, chemical, or reflux ie. Post-anesthesia)
  • Myositis
  • Granuloma (fungal, bacterial, parasitic*)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Causes of extraluminal compression that –> regurgitation

A

Vascular ring anomaly
Intrathoracic tumors (thymoma, lymphoma)
Hilar lymphadenopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Dx tests for megaesophagus

A

-Chest rads
-fluoroscopy
-CBC, Chem, UA + CPK
-T4, TSH to look for hyperthyroid
+/- resting cortisol to look for Addison’s
-Cholinesterase activity if looking for organophosphate toxicity
-lead concentrations
-EMG + biopsy +/- tensilon test

18
Q

When does vomiting become chronic?

A

> 7-14 day duration

19
Q

NON-GI causes of vomiting

A

1) Metabolic:
2) Toxins
3) Drugs
4) Neurologic
5) Other (heartworm in cats)

20
Q

Metabolic causes of vomiting

A 
Uremia
Addison's
DM
Hyperthyroid
Liver dz
Electrolyte and acid/base disorders
Septicemia
21
Q

Common toxins that cause vomiting

A 
Lead
Zinc
Strychnine
Antifreeze
Mycotoxins
22
Q

Common drugs that cause vomiting

A

Digitalis
Abx
Chemo drugs

23
Q

Neurologic causes of vomiting

A 
Brain tumors
Encephalitis
Meningitis
Limbic epilepsy
Encephalitis
Meningitis
Limbic epilepsy
Vestibular dz
(Salivary gland infarction)
24
Q

GI causes/categories of vomiting

A

Diet: indiscretion, intolerance, allergy/hypersensitivity
Gastric: see other slide
Small Intestine: see other slide
LI: colitis, parasites, neoplasia
Abdominal: pancreatitis, peritonitis, neoplasia

25
Q

Gastric causes of vomiting

A
  • gastritis (helicobacter?)
  • ulceration
  • FB
  • chronic GDV
  • neoplasia
  • hypertrophy
  • parasites (Physaloptera, Ollulanus stomach worms)
  • motility disorders
26
Q

SI causes of vomiting

A
  • FB
  • IBD
  • Infections (pythium/histo)
  • neoplasia
  • intussusception
27
Q

Causes of gastric/duodenal ulceration +/- melena

A 
Drugs: NSAIDs, steroids
Metabolic: uremia, LIV failure
Excess acid: mastocytosis (excess mast cells), gastrinoma
Neurologic: spinal or brain injury
Neoplasia: Lymphoma
Other: peritonitis, pancreatitis, stress
28
Q

Gastrinoma

A

tumor in the pancreas or duodenum that secretes excess of gastrin leading to ulceration in the duodenum, stomach and the small intestine. There is hypersecretion of the HCl acid into the duodenum, which causes the ulcers

29
Q

Benign and malignant gastric neoplasms

A

Benign:

  • polyps
  • hypertrophy (young small breeds)
  • leiomyomas

Malignant:

  • Adenocarcinoma
  • Lymphoma

Tx: sx except for lymphoma

30
Q

Common cause of intussusception in older cats

A

Neoplasia

31
Q

Properties of Helicobacter infection

A
  • very common in cats
  • usually have asymptomatic infection
  • causes lymphoid hyperplasia
  • Dx with Warthin-Starry stain on biopsy, urease test or PCR
  • may be cause OR result of disease, so must rule out other causes of vomiting if you see them
32
Q

Tx of helicobacter infection

A 
"Triple therapy":
-Proton pump inhibitor
-Amoxicillin
-Clarithromycin 
\+/- metronidazole, bismuth
33
Q

Almost all causes of vomiting effect motility and most changes in motility are secondary to the underlying cause ie. Low protein

A

:)

34
Q

Signs of gastric motility disorders

A 
Vomiting on empty stomach
Vomiting bile (bilious vomiting)
Bloating
Inappetence
Ptyalism
Hairballs
35
Q

Dx of gastric motility disorders

A
  • Dx of exclusion; rule out other causes with CBC, Chem, Rads
  • radio-labeled food/liquid with gamma camera
  • Food + 5% Barium delayed emptying
  • Barium impregnated plastic spheres (BIPS)
  • Endoscopy of stomach after fasting to look for delayed emptying
36
Q

BIPS

A

Barium impregnated plastic spheres

-radiopaque markers fod dx of GI obstructions and motility problems

37
Q

Tx of gastric motility disorders

A
  • Tx gastritis, underlying dz
  • metoclopramide
  • Cisapride
  • Feed q8-12hr including late at night
  • Octreotide/Lidocaine for ileus
38
Q

FISH test

A

Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization

-maps the genetic material in cells to visualize specific genes or portions of genes; can look for neoplasia

39
Q

PARR test

A

PCR for Antigen Receptor Rearrangements

  • amplifies DNA and can tell if majority of cells are derived from the same original clone (consistent with neoplasia) or multiple clones (consistent with reactive process)
  • used to look for lymphoma
40
Q

Do phenobarb trial if suspect salivary adenomatosis

A

:)

41
Q

History of chronic vomiting patient

A
  • distinguish dysphagia vs. regurge v. Vomiting
  • characterize abnormalities and secondary effects
  • duration
  • progression, response to therapy

Small Animal Medicine: Exam 2 (Spring 2016) (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions