L12: Canine And Feline Vax Recommendations (Wuerz) Flashcards
Pros and cons of inactivated or non-infectious vaccines
Pros:
- NO replication in host
- no return to virulence
- safer for pregnant, neonate, immunocompromised
- purified subunit less allergenic
- recombinant protein unable to replicate
Cons:
- needs more boosters
- higher Ag mass
- requires adjuvant
- shorter DOI
When do maternal Ab disappear? When is the earliest we can give a vaccine and not have maternal Ab interfere?
By 16 wks of age.
6 wks old give vaccine
Host factors for vaccination failure
- host diseased
- maternal interference
- unable to respond
Human factors for vax failure:
- improper protocol
- vax interference
- improper mixing, route
- improper disinfectants
- concurrent antimicrobials, immunosuppressives
Vaccine factors for vax failure
- improper storage
- contamination
- excessive attenuation
- reversion to virulence
Important time concerns for appropriate vaccine response**
Golden time period = 3-5 days post vaccination (if something very traumatic happens during this time period, may need to re-vaccinate later)
**Don’t vaccinate with ANY vaccine w/n 2 wks of initial immune system stimulation, regardless of # of antigens used at initial exposure
NON-immunologic adverse vaccine reactions
- cutaneous granuloma/vasculitis
- systemic fever and malaise
- “febrile limping syndrome in cats”
- neoplasia
- fetal resorption
- vaccine associated disease of young Akitas and hypertrophic osteodystrophy and juvenile cellulitis in Weimaraners
IMMUNOLOGIC adverse vaccine reactions
Type I (anaphylaxis) - minutes Type II (IMHA) - days Type III (blue eye/uveitis or immune complex disease)
All adverse vaccine events should be reported to:**
USDA, vaccine manufacturer
Blue eye
Uveitis in response to adenovirus type I
What type of vaccine busts through maternal Ab faster: recombinant or MLV?
Recombinant
Safe to give lepto and lyme vaccine in young puppies (8 wks)?
Not really. Maternal Ab will likely interfere, and they are bigger proteins and more likely to cause a vaccine reaction
Required vaccines for health certs for sale of dogs
- DA2PP
- Rabies (if old enough)
- Bordetella
- fecal
- deworming for hooks and rounds
Required vaccines for health certs for sale of cats
- FVRCP
- Rabies (if old enough)
- fecal
- deworming for hooks and rounds
Pros and cons of modified live attenuated vaccines
Pros:
- rapid immunity, lasts longer
- replicates in host cells so less Ag mass so has fewer reactions and stimulates cell immunity better
Cons:
- revert to virulence possible
- immunosuppression
Juvenile response to vaccine affected by:
- maternal Ab titer
- parasitism present
- environmental factors
- health of the individual
Vaccination sites for lepto,, FeLV, Lyme, FVRCP, DA2PP, Rabies
Rabies: right rear
FeLV/Lyme: left rear
Lepto: Left front
FVRCP/DA2PP: right front
*avoid intrascapular region, go as distal as possible
FVRCP vaccine covers which dz
Herpes
Calicivirus
Panleukopenia
*CORE vaccine
Efficacy of FVRCP
- lessens CS only for herpes and calicivirus
- highly effective for panleukopenia
- cerebellar hypoplasia
- cross protects to parvovirus
- MLV killed parenteral most commonly used
- MLV intranasal causes CS
Efficacy of rabies vaccine
- complete immunity
- core vaccine
- legally required in the US unless have certificate of exemption
- recombinant killed, adjuvanted vaccine
- only vaccine controlled by the FDA
- give at 12-16 weeks of age (16 weeks best)
FeLV vaccine
- core for kittens only
- recommended for at risk adults: outdoor cats, or have new/foster cats come into the house
- MLV parenteral or recombinant parenteral vaccine
Highest risk of FeLV in what age cats?***
Less than 1 year old
Non-core feline vaccines
- Chlamydophila felis
- Bordetella bronchiseptica
- FIV
Chlamydophila felis vaccine (skipped over)
- offers incomplete protection
- reactions not uncommon
- should vaccinate at >3 wks of age, then repeat in 2-4 wks if kitten was
Bordetella vaccine
- give to cats in catteries
- vaccinate at > 4 wks (single dose), booster q6-12 months based on risk factors
FIV vaccine
- offers no cross protection
- only protects against subtypes A and D
- contains a lot of adjuvant
- should microchip and FIV test prior to vaccinating
- cats will test positive on snap test after receiving this vaccine!! Only way to differentiate is with PCR**
- killed adjuvanted vaccine
Core canine vaccines
- DA2PP (Distemper, CAV-2, Parvo)
- Rabies
DA2P vaccine
- core vaccine
- includes distemper, Canine Adenovirus type 2, and Parvovirus
- highly protective against distemper
- negates risk of anterior uveitis and blue eye from CAV-2
- cross-protects against all known strains of parvovirus
- MLV parenteral vaccine
- recombinant parenteral vaccine also available for distemper only
Canine rabies vaccine
- offers complete immunity
- legally required in US (12-16 wks) unless have cert. Of exemption
- killed adjuvanted virus
Non-core canine vaccinations
- Leptospirosis (4-way)
- Borreliosis
- Canine Influenza (H3N8 and H3N2)
Infectious Tracheobronchitis (Bordetella +/- parainfluenza +/- CAV-2) vaccine
-oral, intranasal, or parenteral forms
Intranasal bordetella vaccine
- immunostimulation w/n 3-5 days
- prevents infection, shedding, and CS of parainfluenza (per Dr. Wuerz only!)
- do NOT give injectably –> hepatic necrosis!
- can have post-vaccination signs in 3-10 days (ie. Sneezing)
- offers no cross protection to CAV-1
- minimum age 3-4 wks
Parenteral bordetella vaccine
- does NOT prevent infection/shedding of Parainfluenza (only prevents CS)
- immune response in 7-10 days
- has fewer post-vax signs than intranasal vax
- minimum age 8 wks, booster 2-4 wks
Canine 4-way lepto vaccine
- offers no cross protection
- vax rxn more common
- decreases incidence/severity of dz
- does NOT remove carrier state for all serovars
- killed, adjuvanted parenteral vaccine
Borreliosis vaccine
- (non-core)
- affects bacteria in the mouthparts of the tick
- doesn’t benefit already positive dogs
- killed adjuvanted or recombinant vectored parenteral versions
Canine flu vaccine
- H3N8 and H3N2
- non-core
- no cross protection
- decreases severity, duration, shedding amount/interval
- killed adjuvanted parenteral vaccine
