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Small Animal Medicine: Exam 2 (Spring 2016) > L12: Canine And Feline Vax Recommendations (Wuerz) > Flashcards

L12: Canine And Feline Vax Recommendations (Wuerz) Flashcards

1
Q

Pros and cons of inactivated or non-infectious vaccines

A

Pros:

  • NO replication in host
  • no return to virulence
  • safer for pregnant, neonate, immunocompromised
  • purified subunit less allergenic
  • recombinant protein unable to replicate

Cons:

  • needs more boosters
  • higher Ag mass
  • requires adjuvant
  • shorter DOI
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2
Q

When do maternal Ab disappear? When is the earliest we can give a vaccine and not have maternal Ab interfere?

A

By 16 wks of age.

6 wks old give vaccine

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3
Q

Host factors for vaccination failure

A
  • host diseased
  • maternal interference
  • unable to respond
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4
Q

Human factors for vax failure:

A
  • improper protocol
  • vax interference
  • improper mixing, route
  • improper disinfectants
  • concurrent antimicrobials, immunosuppressives
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5
Q

Vaccine factors for vax failure

A
  • improper storage
  • contamination
  • excessive attenuation
  • reversion to virulence
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6
Q

Important time concerns for appropriate vaccine response**

A

Golden time period = 3-5 days post vaccination (if something very traumatic happens during this time period, may need to re-vaccinate later)

**Don’t vaccinate with ANY vaccine w/n 2 wks of initial immune system stimulation, regardless of # of antigens used at initial exposure

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7
Q

NON-immunologic adverse vaccine reactions

A
  • cutaneous granuloma/vasculitis
  • systemic fever and malaise
  • “febrile limping syndrome in cats”
  • neoplasia
  • fetal resorption
  • vaccine associated disease of young Akitas and hypertrophic osteodystrophy and juvenile cellulitis in Weimaraners
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8
Q

IMMUNOLOGIC adverse vaccine reactions

A 
Type I (anaphylaxis) - minutes
Type II (IMHA) - days
Type III (blue eye/uveitis or immune complex disease)
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9
Q

All adverse vaccine events should be reported to:**

A

USDA, vaccine manufacturer

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10
Q

Blue eye

A

Uveitis in response to adenovirus type I

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11
Q

What type of vaccine busts through maternal Ab faster: recombinant or MLV?

A

Recombinant

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12
Q

Safe to give lepto and lyme vaccine in young puppies (8 wks)?

A

Not really. Maternal Ab will likely interfere, and they are bigger proteins and more likely to cause a vaccine reaction

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13
Q

Required vaccines for health certs for sale of dogs

A
  • DA2PP
  • Rabies (if old enough)
  • Bordetella
  • fecal
  • deworming for hooks and rounds
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14
Q

Required vaccines for health certs for sale of cats

A
  • FVRCP
  • Rabies (if old enough)
  • fecal
  • deworming for hooks and rounds
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15
Q

Pros and cons of modified live attenuated vaccines

A

Pros:

  • rapid immunity, lasts longer
  • replicates in host cells so less Ag mass so has fewer reactions and stimulates cell immunity better

Cons:

  • revert to virulence possible
  • immunosuppression
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16
Q

Juvenile response to vaccine affected by:

A
  • maternal Ab titer
  • parasitism present
  • environmental factors
  • health of the individual
17
Q

Vaccination sites for lepto,, FeLV, Lyme, FVRCP, DA2PP, Rabies

A

Rabies: right rear
FeLV/Lyme: left rear

Lepto: Left front
FVRCP/DA2PP: right front

*avoid intrascapular region, go as distal as possible

18
Q

FVRCP vaccine covers which dz

A

Herpes
Calicivirus
Panleukopenia

*CORE vaccine

19
Q

Efficacy of FVRCP

A
  • lessens CS only for herpes and calicivirus
  • highly effective for panleukopenia
  • cerebellar hypoplasia
  • cross protects to parvovirus
  • MLV killed parenteral most commonly used
  • MLV intranasal causes CS
20
Q

Efficacy of rabies vaccine

A
  • complete immunity
  • core vaccine
  • legally required in the US unless have certificate of exemption
  • recombinant killed, adjuvanted vaccine
  • only vaccine controlled by the FDA
  • give at 12-16 weeks of age (16 weeks best)
21
Q

FeLV vaccine

A
  • core for kittens only
  • recommended for at risk adults: outdoor cats, or have new/foster cats come into the house
  • MLV parenteral or recombinant parenteral vaccine
22
Q

Highest risk of FeLV in what age cats?***

A

Less than 1 year old

23
Q

Non-core feline vaccines

A
  • Chlamydophila felis
  • Bordetella bronchiseptica
  • FIV
24
Q

Chlamydophila felis vaccine (skipped over)

A
  • offers incomplete protection
  • reactions not uncommon
  • should vaccinate at >3 wks of age, then repeat in 2-4 wks if kitten was
25
Q

Bordetella vaccine

A
  • give to cats in catteries

- vaccinate at > 4 wks (single dose), booster q6-12 months based on risk factors

26
Q

FIV vaccine

A
  • offers no cross protection
  • only protects against subtypes A and D
  • contains a lot of adjuvant
  • should microchip and FIV test prior to vaccinating
  • cats will test positive on snap test after receiving this vaccine!! Only way to differentiate is with PCR**
  • killed adjuvanted vaccine
27
Q

Core canine vaccines

A
  • DA2PP (Distemper, CAV-2, Parvo)

- Rabies

28
Q

DA2P vaccine

A
  • core vaccine
  • includes distemper, Canine Adenovirus type 2, and Parvovirus
  • highly protective against distemper
  • negates risk of anterior uveitis and blue eye from CAV-2
  • cross-protects against all known strains of parvovirus
  • MLV parenteral vaccine
  • recombinant parenteral vaccine also available for distemper only
29
Q

Canine rabies vaccine

A
  • offers complete immunity
  • legally required in US (12-16 wks) unless have cert. Of exemption
  • killed adjuvanted virus
30
Q

Non-core canine vaccinations

A
  • Leptospirosis (4-way)
  • Borreliosis
  • Canine Influenza (H3N8 and H3N2)
31
Q

Infectious Tracheobronchitis (Bordetella +/- parainfluenza +/- CAV-2) vaccine

A

-oral, intranasal, or parenteral forms

32
Q

Intranasal bordetella vaccine

A
  • immunostimulation w/n 3-5 days
  • prevents infection, shedding, and CS of parainfluenza (per Dr. Wuerz only!)
  • do NOT give injectably –> hepatic necrosis!
  • can have post-vaccination signs in 3-10 days (ie. Sneezing)
  • offers no cross protection to CAV-1
  • minimum age 3-4 wks
33
Q

Parenteral bordetella vaccine

A
  • does NOT prevent infection/shedding of Parainfluenza (only prevents CS)
  • immune response in 7-10 days
  • has fewer post-vax signs than intranasal vax
  • minimum age 8 wks, booster 2-4 wks
34
Q

Canine 4-way lepto vaccine

A
  • offers no cross protection
  • vax rxn more common
  • decreases incidence/severity of dz
  • does NOT remove carrier state for all serovars
  • killed, adjuvanted parenteral vaccine
35
Q

Borreliosis vaccine

A
  • (non-core)
  • affects bacteria in the mouthparts of the tick
  • doesn’t benefit already positive dogs
  • killed adjuvanted or recombinant vectored parenteral versions
36
Q

Canine flu vaccine

A
  • H3N8 and H3N2
  • non-core
  • no cross protection
  • decreases severity, duration, shedding amount/interval
  • killed adjuvanted parenteral vaccine

Small Animal Medicine: Exam 2 (Spring 2016) (13 decks)

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