L2 - Mind the Gap Flashcards
What are the 4 demographic indicators of development?
- Fertility Rate
- Death Rate
- Infant rate or Maternal Mortality Rates
- Population Structures
What are the 2 main causes of global inequalities?
- Social Investment
* Political Influence
Is fertility rate likely to be higher or lower in a developed country, compared to a developing country? Why?
- Fertility rate will decline as countries continue to develop.
- This is due to improvements in family planning education, birth control, social awareness and opportunity for employment.
- So fertility rates will be lower in a developed country than in a developing country.
Will death rates be higher or lower in a developed country compared to a developing country? Why?
Death rates will decline as there will be better health care and sanitation, therefore death rates will be lower in a developed country compared to a developing country.
Will infant & maternal mortality rates be higher or lower in a developed country, compared to a developing country? Why?
Infant & maternal mortality rates will be lower in a developed country due to better health care, therefore it is less likely that the mother or the infant will die.
If infant & maternal mortality rates are high in a developing country, what effect will this have on fertility and death rates in this same country? Why?
Death rates will increase as obviously there will be more deaths due to the mother and the infant possibly dying, but also fertility will increase as parents need many children to compensate for the expected deaths - to help with family’s work and to support parents during retirement.
What are population structures? What do they show us?
Population structures are groups of data that tell us a demographic story of the countries development levels - both natural and migration based. They are usually displayed as population pyramids.
Give an example of a population structure/pyramid, and explain what it shows?
Gender population pyramids are popular. Imbalances in gender tend to tell a story of working age male dominant migration (Qatar, UAE), or male dominant war deaths (Germany, Russia) and fluctuations can often indicate baby booms after war time periods (UK).
What is the usual result of a country prioritising investment in social wellbeing (education and health care)?
These countries generally develop at a faster rate than nations that have invested less in these sectors.
What does it mean if a country has a high SEDA progress score relative to GDP growth? Give examples of countries that have this?
This means that they are good at converting economic income into social development. Examples of these include: Germany, Poland, Morocco and Brazil.
Give examples of countries that do not have high SEDA progress scores relative to GDP growth, and suggest reasons why these countries do not have this.
Both Pakistan and Egypt are not making the most of GDP income, this is mostly due to corruption, meaning that the rich are getting richer and the poor are getting poorer, creating a bigger gap between the two classes, and this greatly restricts national development.
What does a healthy and well-educated population encourage? What effect does this have on development?
A healthy and well-educated population encourages FDI and therefore improves development further.
What can slow down or even reverse development in terms of political influence? Give examples of countries where this is occurring.
Mismanagement of funds and corruption. Countries that this is occurring in are: Zimbabwe, Egypt and Pakistan.
How might different economic policies impact development differently?
Open economies (in western nations) attract FDI, which can greatly increase development, whereas, closed economies (North Korea), where imports/exports are restricted, can greatly decrease development.
