L2 - How Drugs Act Flashcards

1
Q

what do protein drugs target

A

receptors
ion channels
enzymes
carrier molecules

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2
Q

what is specificity in drugs

A

having a specific binding site

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3
Q

what drug is an exception not going for the regular drug targets

A

colchicine: inhibits gouty arthritis by binding to tublin and depolymerizes it (drunken walk)

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4
Q

what are receptors

A

proteins used for chemical communication *chemical messenger)

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5
Q

what does an agonist do

A

activate the receptor (physiological vs. cascade)

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6
Q

what does an antagonist do

A

prevent binding to receptor

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7
Q

what is a ligand

A

anything that binds to the receptor

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8
Q

example of receptors

A

B-adrenoreceptor (Beta blockers)

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9
Q

what does Noradrenaline do to the heart

A

increase heart rate (agonist)

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10
Q

what are ion channels

A

a channel opened by agonist (with binding site)

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10
Q

what does propranolol do to the heart

A

it treat hypertension (relaxes it) antagonist

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11
Q

what do voltage gated ions allow

A

they allow ions to flow through when open

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11
Q

what is the effect of anaesthetic on ion channels

A

they bind and stop ion channel opening (no neurons firing)

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12
Q

what is the effect of benzodiazepine tranqs on the ion channels

A

they bind to GABA complexes and completely open the channels

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13
Q

when with enzymes drugs act like

A

a competitive inhibitor

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14
Q

what does fluorouracil do

A

it replaces uracil in purine (can’t be converted to dTMP) and stops DNA synthesis

15
Q

what is enzymatic degredation

A

inactive (prodrug) to active form

16
Q

what do transporters do

A

they move ions across membranes

17
Q

drugs that act as inhibitors to transporters

A

tricyclic antidepressants/cocaine stop noradrenaline uptake (more leftover)

18
Q

drugs that act like a false substrate to transporter

A

amphetamines (meth/MDMA) competes with NA for transport leaving a bunch behind

19
Q

Amphetamines are

A

psychomotor simulants: euphoria, excitement, locomotor stimulation, high BP, sleepy, depressed, anxious, hungry

20
Q

what is a toxicant

A

harmful substance

21
Q

what is a toxin

A

naturally made toxicant

22
Q

what kind of symptoms can toxicants and toxins cause

A

primary (directly related) and secondary (indirectly related)

23
enzymes in toxin are
reversable and irreversible
24
an example of enzymes in toxins is
acetylcholinesterase inhibition by organophosphate insecticide
25
receptors/ion channels in toxin
can have agonist or antagonist
26
some examples of receptors/ion channels in toxin
receptor: nicotine (agonist) curare (antagonist) ion channel (Na channel): tetrodotoxin, dinoflagellates
27
what is special about lipid organic solvents like anesthetic
are lipid soluble and can change membrane integrity (toxic), affects membrane proteins
28
how do the lipid organic solvents change the membrane
they form free radicals and attack the fatty acids
29
what are toxicants that change DNA called
mutagens
30
and example of a mutagen
nitrous acid: deletes base portion deamination: remove amino groups from A/C alkylating agents (mustard gas): adding alkyl groups