L2: Gram Positive Bacteria

Question 0

For staphylococcus and Micrococcus, what would the CATALASE test result be?

Answer 0

Catalase POSITIVE.

Question 1

Name three genus’ that are gram positive. (SMS)

Answer 1

Staphylococcus

Micrococcus

Streptococcus

Question 2

Are staphylococcus and micrococcus aerobic or anaerobic?

Answer 2

AEROBIC.

Question 3

If an O/F test is done, what would the results show for Micrococcus and staphylococcus?

Answer 3

M - obligate aerobe

S - facultative aerobe

Question 4

Name the infections caused by Staphylococcus? BAPPIM

Answer 4

Boils, 
Acne
Pimples
Pneumonia
Impetigo
Mengitis

Question 5

Name the extra cellular enzyme that ‘Staphylococcus aureus’ can produce and what does it do?

Answer 5

Coagulase

—> coagulates fibrin to form clots.

Question 6

What are the two toxins that Staphylococcus aureus can produce?

Answer 6

Enterotoxin

Leukocidin

Question 7

What does leukocidin do?

Answer 7

Causes cell destruction and pus formation.

Question 8

What is the main thing that Staphylococcus aureus can do?

Answer 8

Produce extra cellular toxins or enzymes

Question 9

What can enterotoxins do?

Staphylococcal enterotoxin A

Answer 9

Foodbourne illnesses

–> food poisoning

Question 10

What is one of the main infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus?

Answer 10

Toxic shock syndrome.

Question 11

Which nonsporulating gram positive bacteria causes toxic shock syndrome?

Answer 11

Staphylococcus aureus

Question 12

Name the symptoms of toxic shock syndrome? FVRDD

Answer 12

High fever, rash, vomiting, diarrhoea, death

Question 13

What is MRSA?

Answer 13

METHICILLIN RESISTANT Staphylococcus aureus

Question 14

How does MRSA happen?

Answer 14

Overuse of antibiotics

–> lowered resistance.

Question 15

What plates can be used to subdivide the genus streptococcus?

Answer 15

BLOOD AGAR plates.

Question 16

What is beta haemolysis?

Answer 16

When there is a large zone is complete lysis.

Blood agar plates

Question 17

What is alpha haemolysis?

Answer 17

When there are colonies with greenish or brownish zones.

Blood agar plates

Question 18

Name 2 streptococcal disease bacteria?

Answer 18

Streptococcus pyogenes.

Streptococcus pharyngitis.

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 19

What are the main symptoms of streptococcus pharyngitis?

Answer 19

Severe sore throat
Enlarged tonsils
Mild fever
Tonsillar exudate
Tender cervical lymph nodes

Question 20

What is one infection that Streptococcus pyogenes can cause? (S)

Answer 20

Scarlet fever

Question 21

Why does streptococcus pyogenes cause scarlet fever?

Answer 21

Because some of its strains carry a LYSOGENIC BACTERIOPHAGE that encodes for the EXOTOXINS responsible for scarlet fever.

Question 22

What is EXOTOXINS responsible for?

Answer 22

The symptoms of scarlet fever:
Pink/red RASH
Fever
Damage to small blood vessels

Question 23

What is one infection that Streptococcus pyogenes can cause? (N)

Answer 23

Necrotising fasciitis

Flesh eating bacteria

Question 24

Untreated Streptococcus pyogenes can lead to: (3)

Answer 24

Rheumatic fever

Acute glomerulonephritis

Formation of streptococcal antigen/antibody complexes in blood stream, lodge in the kidney