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Kaplan General Chemistry > L.2 Exponential Decay & Atom Structure > Flashcards

L.2 Exponential Decay & Atom Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the equation for Plancks Relation.

  1. Frequency
  2. Wavelength
A
  1. E = hf
  2. E = hc/λ

E = Energy of a quantum

h = Plancks Constant = 6.625 X 10 -35 J/s

f = Frequency of the radiation

c = Speed of light = 2.88 X 10^8 m/s

The energy of each photon is proportional to the frequency of light.

Max Planck; energy emitted as electromagnetic radiation from matter comes in discrete bundles called quanta.

The energy of a quantum is given by this equation.

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2
Q

The equation for the Angular momentum of an electron. Bohr model

A

L = nh/2𝝅

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3
Q

The equation for the energy of an electron. Bohr model

A

E = - RH/n2

RH = Rydber Unit of energy = 2.18 X 10-18 J/e

The energy of the electron is proportional to the quantum number (n). As n increases the rest of the values increase from a negative side, and energy becomes less and less negative.

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4
Q

The equation for the energy of an electron in Transition (Bohr model).

A

E = -RH [(1/n2i) - (1/n2f)]

The energy of the emitted photon corresponds to the difference in energy between the high E initial and lower E final state.

+ E = Emission & -E = Absorption

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5
Q

Maximum number of electrons within a shell

A

2n2

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6
Q

Maximum number of electrons within a subshell

A

4L + 2

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7
Q

What are the four characteristics of an electron when it moves from a low level of energy to higher level energy?

A
  1. Absorbs light
  2. Higher Potential
  3. Excited
  4. Distant from nucleus
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8
Q

Explain the Bohr model.

A

In the Bohr model of the atom, a dense, positively charged nucleus is surrounded by electrons revolving around the nucleus in orbits with distinct energy levels. Each level has a discrete quantity of energy.

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9
Q

What is the photoelectric effect?

A

When a light of sufficiently high frequency (f), usually blue - uv is incident on a metal surface, metal atoms emit electrons.

Photon ——> metal surface ——> photoelectron emitted

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10
Q

What is the equation to used to find the maximum kinetic energy of an electron that was ejected from a metal surface by a photon?

What is the equation for Work Function?

A

Kmax = hf - w (from the photon that hit the metal surface and ejected the electron)

w = hft (of the metal which the ejected electron was emitted from)

ft= Frequency Threshold

h = Plancks constant

w= work function

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11
Q

What is the Equation for force?

A

mass X acceleration = Force

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12
Q

Electrons liberated from the metal by the photoelectric effect will produce a?

A

Net charge flow per unit time or CURRENT

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13
Q

What is Threshold Frequency?

A

The minimum frequency of light that causes ejection of an electron from a metal surface. (ft) This is an all or nothing response

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14
Q

What is the equation for Kinetic Energy?

A

KE = 1/2 mv2

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15
Q

What are the 3 different series for emission and absorption spectra for hydrogen?

A
  1. Lynman. n ≥ 2 to n = 1
  2. Balmer n ≥ 3 to n = 2
  3. Paschen. n ≥ 4 to n = 3
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16
Q

What is Mass Spectrometry?

A

In analytical chemistry, mass spectrometry is used to determine the molecular weight of some unknown molecule. Ions are accelerated through a closed magnetic field, inside a detector records the time it takes that ion to travel back to the initial starting point. Smaller ions/particles travel less and move faster, these are detected first.

F = ma

17
Q

What is the equation for magnetic force in terms of magnetic field strength and velocity of an ion?

A

Fb = qV x B

Fb = Magnetic force

q = Charge of ion v = Velocity of ion goring through magnetic field

B = Magnetic field strenght

18
Q

Coulombs Law

A

The force exerted by one charge q on another charge Q is given by

Coulomb’s law: Fe = K qQ / r2

Fe= Electric force

K = Coulomb’s Constant = 9 x 10^9 N

r = Distance between the two charges

19
Q

PHYSICS FLOW CHART

A
20
Q

Interpret a mass spectra graph

  1. X-axis
  2. Y-axis
  3. Parent Peak
  4. P+1 Peak
  5. Base Peak
A

Kaplan General Chemistry (10 decks)

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