L2 - Detection And Dx Of Malignancy Flashcards
What structures can abdominal and pelvic tumors obstruct?
GI tract —> SBO
Ureters —> hydronephrosis
Biliary system
Blood/lymph vessels
What are common malignancies responsible for obstruction syndromes in the abd?
Ovarian tumors, lymphomas, intestinal tumors, pancreatic tumors
What can be detected upon history taking?
Palpable and/or visible masses
Obstructive signs/sx
Hemorrhage
What can be detected upon performing a physical exam?
Palpable and/or visible masses
Indications of invasion
Compression
Effusions
What can be detected with lab testing + cancer markers?
Hemorrhage and effusions
What can be detected with radiography?
Masses, indications of invasion, obstructive signs/sx, compression, hemorrhage and effusions
What does cancer staging account for?
Tumor size/invasion
LN metastasis
Other distant metastasis
Other considerations
What are the types of metastatic spread?
Lymphatic (travels through lymphatics)
Hematogenous (travels through blood vessels)
Transcoelomic (invasive through serosa)
Canalicular (travels along pre existing duct/lumen)
What is the typical route of spread for carcinomas?
Lymphatic metastasis
What is the typical route for sarcomas to spread?
Hematogenous metastasis
Manifestation of advanced carcinoma as well
What clues indicate a primary tumor?
Solitary lesion
No other cancer diagnosis
Location unusual for mets
Typical demographic
What clues can indicate metastatic tumor?
Multiple lesions
Hx of other cancers
Location more typical for metastasis
Unusual demographic
What sx can indicate metastasis to the lungs?
Pleuritic pain, SOB, lymphangitis, respiratory failure, recurrent pneumonia
What sx can indicate metastasis to the liver?
RUQ pain, anorexia, fever, raised serum liver enzymes, jaundice
What sx can indicate metastasis to the brain?
HA and vomiting of raised intracranial pressure, focal deficits, coma, seizure
