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SBL Exam 2 > L1 - Cancer Treatment And Prevention > Flashcards

L1 - Cancer Treatment And Prevention Flashcards

1
Q

What are the goals for cancer treatment?

A

Cure

Cure and prevent

Palliative (help relieve pain or discomfort)

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2
Q

What are local approaches to cancer treatment?

A

Surgery

Radiation

Ablation (cryosurgery and radio frequency)

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3
Q

What are systemic approaches to cancer treatment?

A

Chemotherapy (cytotoxic, hormone, biological)

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4
Q

What should you ask prior to pursuing local therapy?

A

Can you remove all of the cancer? Are there limited options for systemic therapy? If cure cannot be achieved, could Tx palliate?

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5
Q

What are some commonly treated cancers with local therapy?

A

Sarcomas

Non melanoma skin cancer

In situ carcinomas

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6
Q

What are common local therapy modalities?

A

Surgery and/or ablation

Surgery + radiation

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7
Q

What is the therapeutic index?

A

TD50/ED50

A good drug has a high therapeutic index

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8
Q

Describe the therapeutic index for chemotherapeutics

A

Have very low TI meaning that they are less safe

Pts will experience effects due to this

Have to cycle doses to allow pts to recover from therapy and maintain their normal cell lines but still kill cancer cells

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9
Q

What is the 5th leading cause of cancer death amongst women in the US?

A

Ovarian cancer

14,000 deaths per year

>95% of deaths occur in women >45 y/o

20% of ovarian cancer is diagnosed at an early stage (not good)

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10
Q

Describe the gray area for ovarian cancer screening in high risk women

A

FHx of ovarian cancer or hereditary cancer sx (BRCA, Lynch syndrome)

Individualized screening plan, heightened urgency for sx Distal Fallopian tubes removed (Risk reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy)

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11
Q

What is the leading cause of cancer among men in the US?

A

Prostate cancer 26% of total cancer diagnosed in men

Median age for death is 80 y/o

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12
Q

When are Pap smears recommended?

A

<21 not recommended (grade D)

21-29 recommended cytology every 3 years (grade A)

30-65 cytology every 3 years or co testing every 5 years (grade A)

>65 not recommended (grade D)

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13
Q

Why is counseling of menopausal women to report any vaginal bleeding important?

A

Screening for endometrial cancer

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14
Q

What is the most common type of non skin cancer?

A

Breast cancer

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15
Q

What is the 2nd leading cause of cancer death for women behind lung cancer?

A

Breast cancer

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16
Q

What is the 3rd leading cause of death for men and women in the US?

A

Colon cancer

Most frequently diagnosed between ages 65-74

10% of cases are diagnosed in pts under 50

17
Q

What type of screening is there for ovarian cancer?

A

CA 125

Grade D

18
Q

What prevention is there for ovarian cancer?

A

Prophylactic opportunistic salpingectomy/oophorectomy in high risk population

19
Q

What screening is available for prostate cancer?

A

Serum PSA

Grade C

20
Q

What prevention is there for prostate cancer?

A

Really isnt any

Possibly smoking cessation and avoiding obesity

21
Q

What screening is available for cervical cancer?

A

Pap smear and HPV testing

Grade A

22
Q

What prevention strategies are available for cervical cancer?

A

HPV vaccine/removal of pre cancerous lesions

23
Q

What screening is available for breast cancer?

A

Mammogram

Grade B

24
Q

What prevention strategies are available for breast cancer?

A

BRCA testing

Prophylactic surgery in select pts

Chemoprevention

25
Q

What screening is available for endometrial cancer?

A

Self reporting vaginal bleeding

26
Q

What screening is available for colon cancer?

A

Colonoscopy/fecal testing/CT

Grade A

27
Q

What prevention is available for colon cancer?

A

Colonoscopic removal of polyps

28
Q

What screening is available for lung cancer?

A

Low dose CT scanning

Grade B

29
Q

What prevention is available for lung cancer?

A

Smoking cessation

30
Q

Summarize local cancer therapy

A
31
Q

Summarize radionucleotide therapy

A
32
Q

What is CAR-T therapy?

A
33
Q

What components make an effective screening test?

A
34
Q

How should you perform a self breast exam?

A

SBL Exam 2 (7 decks)

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