L2 - Descriptive data analysis and hypothesis development

Question 1

Difference between isomorph and homomorph mapping of the world

Answer 1

Question 2

Draw levels of measuremnt of the variable

Answer 2

Question 3

what is mode

Answer 3

most frequent value

Question 4

For which levels of measurement can the mode be applied?

Answer 4

all of them

Question 5

For which level of measurement can median be applied

Answer 5

at least ordinal

Question 6

for which level of measurement can mean be applied

Answer 6

at least interval scale

Question 7

What is more informative for a skewed distribution? Median or Mean?

Answer 7

Median

Question 8

If you have a left/negatively skewed distribution then is the mean or median higher?

Answer 8

median is higher

Question 9

In a right-skewed distribution the X is typically higher than the Y

Answer 9

mean is higher than median

Question 10

Range at least which scale?

Answer 10

ordinal

Question 11

IQR which scale at least?

Answer 11

ordinal

Question 12

variance at least which scale?

Answer 12

interval

Question 13

What is Kurtosis

Answer 13

Peakedness

Question 14

What is y = 0 (Kurtosis measure)

Answer 14

normal distribution

Question 15

y > 0

Answer 15

peaked distribution

Question 16

Skewness measure

Answer 16

gm

Question 17

What if gm > 0:

Answer 17

right-skewed

Question 18

How does kurtosis: 1.77 and skew 1.4 look like?

Answer 18

Question 19

What are 3 measures of association between two variables?

Answer 19

• Product-moment correlation (Pearson)
• Rank correlation (Spearman)
• Cramer’s V

Question 20

What is the range for pearson?

Answer 20

-1 to 1

Question 21

Wat is spearman range?

Answer 21

-1 to 1

Question 22

range for Cramer’s V

Answer 22

0 to 1

Question 23

What is a Cramer’s V of 0?

Answer 23

No association (1 is perfect association)

Question 24

Are the minimal scale requirements the same for person and spearman?

Answer 24

No. Pearson needs at least interval and Spearman at least ordinal.

Question 25

When is Cramer’s V used

Answer 25

both variables are nominal

Question 26

If there are outliers then is the rank correlation or person more robust?

Answer 26

Spearman is more robust

Question 27

What is induction?

Answer 27

from specific to general

Question 28

What is deduction

Answer 28

from general to specific

Question 29

What is general validity?

Answer 29

If it goes beyond a single case

Question 30

two main aspects of a good scientific hypothesis?

Answer 30

• Falsifiability
• Empricial context

Question 31

What is falsifiability about?

Answer 31

• Variables must be observable
• existential hypothesis are problematic (something “can” happen)