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ACP Hematology > L2 CBC and abnormal blood cell morphology > Flashcards

L2 CBC and abnormal blood cell morphology Flashcards

1
Q

Red cells are small with low hemoglobin concentration =

A

Microcytic hypochromic anemia

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2
Q

Microcytic hypochromic anemia occurs in? (3)

A
  1. Thalassemia
  2. Iron deficiency (IDA)
  3. Anaemia of chronic disease
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3
Q

Red cells are large =

A

Macrocytic anemia

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4
Q

Macrocytic anemia occurs in? (5)

A
  1. Megaloblastic anemia due to VitB12 or folate deficiency
  2. Myelodysplastic syndrome
  3. Alcohol
  4. Liver disease
  5. Hypothyroidism
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5
Q

Red cells are normal in size but low Hb =

A

Normocytic normochromic anemia

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6
Q

Normocytic normochromic anemia occurs in? (2)

A
  1. Acute blood loss

2. Anemia of chronic disease

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7
Q

What is polycythaemia?

A

Increased in Hb, *in myeloproliferative neoplasm

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8
Q

________ increased in thalassaemia trait with low Hb.

A

Increased in RBCs

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9
Q

Increased in mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) (=average Hb concentration in RBC) indicates?

A

Hereditary spherocytosis

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10
Q

Increased in RDW (red cell distribution width) = ?

A

Variation in size of RBCs = iron deficiency anemia

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11
Q

__________ is increased in reactive viral infection.

A

Lymphocytes

lymphocytes also increase in chronic lymphocytic leukemia

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12
Q

Lymphopenia occurs when? (4)

A
  1. Immunosuppressants
  2. Viral infection
  3. Bacterial infection
  4. Sepsis
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13
Q

________ is increased in reactive bacterial infection.

A

Neutrophils

also increased in inflammation, malignancy, steroid use

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14
Q

Problem of neutropenia? (esp in oncology patients)

A

Increased risk of bacterial infection, especially when ANC <0.5
(Absolute neutrophil count = WBC x NEU%)

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15
Q

Monocytosis occurs when? (2)

A

Chronic infections, granulomatous processes

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16
Q

Monocytopenia occurs when?

A

Hairy cell leukemia

17
Q

Increased in eosinophils =?

A
  1. Primary: myeloproliferative neoplasms

2. Secondary: parasitic infections, asthma, allergy, lymphoma

18
Q

Basophilia occurs when?

A

Chronic myeloid leukemia

19
Q

Thrombocytosis occurs when? (5)

A
  1. Primary: essential thrombocythaemia

2. Secondary (reactive): Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA), infection, splenectomy, malignancy

20
Q

What do we have to check when there is thrombocytopenia?

A

Whether it is true or due to platelet aggregation (due to difficult blood taking/ EDTA reaction)

21
Q

Reaons for thrombocytopenia? (5)

A
  1. Drug
  2. Viral infection
  3. ITP - immune thronbocytopenia purpura
  4. TTP - thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura
  5. Rare hereditary thrombocytopenia
22
Q

Definition of hypochromasia in RBCs?

A

Central pallor > 1/3 enter cell space

23
Q

Definition of microcytosis in RBCs?

A

Size of RBC is smaller than nucleus of a small lymphocyte

24
Q

Polychromasia indicating?

A

Recticulocytosis, as in:

  1. Hemolysis
  2. Hemorrage > effecttive erythropoiesis
25
Q

Target cells (RBC) in? (4)

A
  1. Thalassaemia
  2. Hemoglobinopathies (HbC, HbE)
  3. Liver disease
  4. IDA
26
Q

Tear drop cells (RBC) in? (2)

A
  1. Thalassaemia

2. Myelofibrosis

27
Q

Spherocytes (RBC) in? (3)

A
  1. HS
  2. Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
  3. Alloimmune haemoloytic anaemia
28
Q

Schistocytes =?

Indicating? (3)

A

Fragmented RBCs

  1. DIC *disseminated intravascular coagulation
  2. HUS/TTP *hemolytic uremic syndrome/ thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
  3. leaking prosthetic heart valves
29
Q

Bite cells (RBCs) in?

A

G6PD deficiency

30
Q

Elliptocytes (RBCs) in?

A

Hereditary elliptocytosis

31
Q

Cold haemagglutination disease and Atypical pneumonia: RBC distriction is ?

A

Agglutination

32
Q

Roulaeux RBc distriction in?

A

Hyperproteinaemia (e.g. multiple myeloma), plasma cell myeloma

33
Q

Basophilic stippling =? in?(2)

A

Abnormal aggregates of ribosomes

  1. Lead poisoning
  2. Thalassaemia
34
Q

What are Howell Jolly bodies ?

In? (3)

A

Remnant of nuclear chromatin

  1. Post-splenectomy
  2. Megaloblastic anemia
  3. Abnormal erthropoiesis
35
Q

Hypersegmentation of neutrophils =?

A

Presence of > 6 lobes
Megaloblastic anemia/
Uremia/
Chemotheraphy (cytotoxic treatment)

36
Q

Hyposegementation of neutrophils =?

A
  1. Pelger-Huet anomaly

2. Myelodysplastic syndrome

37
Q

> 20% blast cells in PB =?

A

Acute Myeloid Leukemia

38
Q

Oval macroctye + hypersegmented neutrophils = ?

A

Megaloblastic anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency

39
Q

Leukoerythroblastic blood picture (outpouring of immature forms)

A
  • Myelofibrosis

- Bone marrow metastasis

ACP Hematology (16 decks)

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