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Anesthesiology (Spring 2015) > L2: Anesthesia Machine and Components (Garcia) > Flashcards

L2: Anesthesia Machine and Components (Garcia) Flashcards

1
Q

how much pressure of oxygen can a tank hold?***

A

1900-2200 PSI

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2
Q

regulator takes pressure of oxygen from tank down to what pressure?***

A

55-75 PSI

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3
Q

slide 3 diagram

A

:)

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4
Q

why can tanks carry more nitrogen?**

A

stored in liquid form at high pressure

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5
Q

how many liters of oxygen and at what PSI can E tank hold?

A

660L

1900 PSI

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6
Q

how many liters of nitrogen and at what PSI can E tank hold?

A

1600L

750 PSI

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7
Q

how many liters of oxygen and at what PSI can H tank hold?

A

7000L

2200 PSI

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8
Q

how many liters of nitrogen and at what PSI can H tank hold?

A

16000L

750 PSI

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9
Q

pressure in tank is ____ proportional to volume

A

directly (for O2)

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10
Q

how do you gauge how much oxygen is left in tank?

A

pressure (pressure directly prop. to volume)

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11
Q

how do you gauge how much N2O is left in tank?

A

by WEIGHT (pressure will not decrease until liquid nigtrogen is extinguished)

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12
Q

what color is O2

A

green (white internationally)

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13
Q

what color is CO2

A

gray

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14
Q

what color is N2O (laughing gas)

A

blue

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15
Q

what color is He

A

brown

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16
Q

what color is N2

A

black

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17
Q

what color is air

A

yellow (black/white internationally)

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18
Q

safety systems

A

No interchangeable connections:

-Pin Index Safety System (PISS) and Diameter Index Safety System (DISS)

19
Q

fx of flowmeter

A
  • measures gas flow in L/min
  • has knobs for O2 and N2O
  • read at center of ball or top of float
20
Q

max O/N ratio

A

1:3

21
Q

fx of flush valve

A

-bypasses flowmeter and vaporizer and delivers oxygen at intermediate pressure (45-50 psi) at 35-70L/min to dilute the anesthetic gas

22
Q

2 locations vaporizers can be

A

VOC (vaporizer out of the circuit)

VIC (in the circuit)

23
Q

pop off valve

A
  • usually left open
  • closed intermittently to deliver breaths
  • can be closed in the closed circuit system
  • if accidentally left closed, pressure will rise inside patient’s lungs and venous return to heart decreases
24
Q

scavenger

A
  • passive or active
  • has a charcoal absorber that avoids environmental contamination w/ short life but does NOT absorb N2O
  • in passive, pressure > barometric; cheaper, simpler; whenever pressure builds up in system, it passively leaves as negative pressure
  • active has a flow inducing device and is more expensive
25
Q

2 main types of breathing systems

A

Circle (Rebreathing) System - used in most patients

Non-rebreathing system - more wasteful, no recycling of gas

26
Q

Components of circle system

A
  • unidirectional valves (inspiratory and expiratory)
  • canister with absorber
  • breathing bag
  • rebreathing tube
  • pressure gauge
  • pop off valve
27
Q

chars. of unidirectional valves

A
  • allow flow only in 1 direction
  • no rebreathing of CO2 (expiratory valve prevents)
  • may stick with moisture
  • may dislodge from housing
28
Q

canister

A
  • houses CO2 absorbent (sodalime, baralyme)
  • should be >2x the tidal volume (Vt) of the patient
  • great source of leaks
  • should not be overfilled due to channeling
  • granules turn purple when exhausted
29
Q

MOA of sodalime and baralyme absorbents

A
  • reacts with CO2 forming heat and H2O
  • changes color with reaction
  • changed when 1/2 of soda is purple
  • pellets become harder after reaction
  • caution: pellets won’t stay purple forever!
30
Q

breathing bag

A
  • used as a reservoir
  • 6x the tidal volume of the patient
  • used to deliver breaths manually
  • can be used to count RR
  • some protection against excessive pressure
31
Q

most to least sites of leaks

A 
canister
unidirectional valves
reservoir bag
hoses
connections
*must close pop off valve to check for!*
32
Q

advantages of circuit system

A

-rebreathing of expired gas after CO2 elimination
-keep heat and moist
-more economic (decreases O2 and inhalant used)
-lower O2 flows: less env. contamination
-

33
Q

disadvantages of circuit system

A
  • lots of parts
  • more likely to leak
  • difficult to clean
  • not easily moved
  • controlled ventilation can lead to hypocarbia (dec. CO2 in the blood)
34
Q

chars. of semi-closed circuit system

A
  • O2 is greater than p requirement
  • O2 flow >20ml/kg
  • CO2 elimination less dependent on absorbent
  • no nitrogen accumulation due to low flow
  • fast change in anesthetic concentration
35
Q

chars. of semi-closed circuit system

A
  • less economic
  • less heat and moist conservation than closed
  • more pollution
  • high flows may increase resistance
36
Q

adv. of low flow or closed system (same machine as semi-closed circuit system, but with low flow)

A
  • more economic
  • less pollution
  • keep heat and moist
37
Q

how much flow does a low flow system have?

A

8-15ml/kg

38
Q

disadv. of low flow or closed system

A
  • CO2 elimination dependent only on absorbent (not on scavenger)
  • slower change in anesthetic conc.
  • may cause incorrect vaporizer output (since vaporizer is flow dependent
  • N accumulation
39
Q

chars. of non-rebreathing systems

A
  • elimination of CO2 by high O2 flow
  • usually use on patients <3kg
  • high O2 flow (100-200 ml/kg)
  • Bain system most common
40
Q

adv. of non-rebreathing system

A
  • light, simple, low resistance
  • no need for absorber
  • fast change in depth
  • inexpensive
41
Q

disadv. of non-rebreathing system

A
  • wasteful
  • loss of heat and moisture
  • pollution
  • changes in EtCO2 (lvl of CO2 released at end of expiration) and gas analyzer readings
42
Q

can leave pop-off valve closed in closed system?

A

yes

43
Q

main use of low flow or closed system

A

to MAINTAIN animal in anesthesia

44
Q

how to check for leaks

A
  • close pop-off valve
  • put thumb on patient’s end of breathing hose
  • press flush valve until pressure gauge reads 30 cmH2O
  • pressure should hold
  • press flush valve
  • p’s end of breathing hose open
  • reservoir bag should deflate (if inflates, means inspiratory hose is leaking)

Anesthesiology (Spring 2015) (13 decks)

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