L2 Anatomy Of The Throx And Lungs Flashcards
What are the structures of the root of the lung ?
- pulmonary vessels
- bronchus
- bronchial vessels
- nerves
- lymphatics
Endothoracic fascia in the diaphragmatic pleura is called
Phrenicopleural fascia
Parietal pleura is divided into four pleura
- Cervical
- Costal
- Mediastinal
- Diaphragmatic
Where you can do thoracocentesis without damaging the lung
In the costodiaphragmatic recess in the 9th intercostal space in the mid-axillary line
Which plural layer is pain sensitive?
Parietal pleura is pain sensitive due to spinal nerve supply
Visceral pleura is not pain sensitive due to autonomic nerve supply
Where the pleura is not protected by ribs
- In the right lung , at costodiaphragmatic recess where it will extend below the costal margin near the xiohoid process ( be careful during gall bladder surgery )
2+3. Posteriorly, below the 12th rib in the costovertebral margin ( be careful during kidney surgery )
What are the dimensions of trachea ?
Start below the larynx at C6 ( inferior boarder of cricoid cartilage )
Continue as 11 cm
Ends at 4th intercostal space ( between T4-T5) at sternal angle, where the trachea divide to 2 main bronchi
What is the structure of the trachea ?
It is made of ( 16 - 20 )C-shaped hyaline cartilage that is not continuous posteriorly ( where there is esophagus ) and replaced by trachealis muscle
What is the function of Trachealis muscle ?
It will constrict the trachea in order to expel the air with more force ( during cough )
Where the doctor perform tracheostomy ?
Between 1st and 2nd ring
Or
Through 2nd to 4th ring
What structures must be cautious with during tracheostomy ?
- Thymus
- Thyroid vein
- Thyroid artery
- Left brachiocephalic
- Carotid and subclavian laterally
What will happen to infrahyoid muscle and isthmus of the thyroid ?
- Infrahyoid muscle will be retracted laterally
2. Isthmus of thyroid either will be cut or retracted superiorly
What is carina ?
The carina is a ridge of hyaline cartilage in the trachea located where it divides into 2 main bronchi at the lower end of the trachea
Where you can find carina ?
Located at the T4 vertebra (sternal angle), but varies while standing can descend to T5-6 level or ascend to T2 level
Why Foreign bodies that fall down the trachea are more likely to enter
the right bronchus ?
This ridge lies to the left of the midline
What special about The mucous membrane of the carina?
is the most sensitive area of the respiratory tract (for triggering a cough reflex)
Why Widening and distortion of the carina is a serious sign ?
because it usually indicates carcinoma of the lymph nodes around the region
What are the impressions of the right lung ?
- heart
- diaphragm
- azygous vein
- superior vena cava
What is the most important impression in the left heart ?
Cardiac notch
How many times the segmental bronchi (tert) will divide till it will give the whole bronchial tree ?
26-27 times
What are the structures that enter bronchpulmonary segments (3)
- alveoli
- pulmonary artery ( intrasegemental )
- pulmonary veins ( between the segments )
What is the structure of bronchopulmonary structure ?
It is pyramid -shape . Its apex is directed towards the hilum and base towards the surface of the lung
What is the lymphatic drainage from the visceral pleura and parenchyma ?
- superficial pulmonary plexus
- Sup. and inf. Tracheo-bronchial lymph nodes
- Left and right broncho-mediastinal lymph vessels
- Venous system by the venous angle ( junction between IJV and subclavian
What is the lymphatic drainage from the bronchi and CT ?
- Intra-pulmonary lymph nodes
- Deep pulmonary plexus
- Sup. and inf. tracheo-bronchial lymph nodes
- Right and left broncho-mediastinal vessels
- Venous system (angle)