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RESP. ANATOMY > L2 Anatomy Of The Throx And Lungs > Flashcards

L2 Anatomy Of The Throx And Lungs Flashcards

1
Q

What are the structures of the root of the lung ?

A
  • pulmonary vessels
  • bronchus
  • bronchial vessels
  • nerves
  • lymphatics
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2
Q

Endothoracic fascia in the diaphragmatic pleura is called

A

Phrenicopleural fascia

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3
Q

Parietal pleura is divided into four pleura

A
  1. Cervical
  2. Costal
  3. Mediastinal
  4. Diaphragmatic
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4
Q

Where you can do thoracocentesis without damaging the lung

A

In the costodiaphragmatic recess in the 9th intercostal space in the mid-axillary line

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5
Q

Which plural layer is pain sensitive?

A

Parietal pleura is pain sensitive due to spinal nerve supply

Visceral pleura is not pain sensitive due to autonomic nerve supply

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6
Q

Where the pleura is not protected by ribs

A
  1. In the right lung , at costodiaphragmatic recess where it will extend below the costal margin near the xiohoid process ( be careful during gall bladder surgery )

2+3. Posteriorly, below the 12th rib in the costovertebral margin ( be careful during kidney surgery )

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7
Q

What are the dimensions of trachea ?

A

Start below the larynx at C6 ( inferior boarder of cricoid cartilage )

Continue as 11 cm

Ends at 4th intercostal space ( between T4-T5) at sternal angle, where the trachea divide to 2 main bronchi

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8
Q

What is the structure of the trachea ?

A

It is made of ( 16 - 20 )C-shaped hyaline cartilage that is not continuous posteriorly ( where there is esophagus ) and replaced by trachealis muscle

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9
Q

What is the function of Trachealis muscle ?

A

It will constrict the trachea in order to expel the air with more force ( during cough )

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10
Q

Where the doctor perform tracheostomy ?

A

Between 1st and 2nd ring
Or
Through 2nd to 4th ring

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11
Q

What structures must be cautious with during tracheostomy ?

A
  1. Thymus
  2. Thyroid vein
  3. Thyroid artery
  4. Left brachiocephalic
  5. Carotid and subclavian laterally
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12
Q

What will happen to infrahyoid muscle and isthmus of the thyroid ?

A
  1. Infrahyoid muscle will be retracted laterally

2. Isthmus of thyroid either will be cut or retracted superiorly

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13
Q

What is carina ?

A

The carina is a ridge of hyaline cartilage in the trachea located where it divides into 2 main bronchi at the lower end of the trachea

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14
Q

Where you can find carina ?

A

Located at the T4 vertebra (sternal angle), but varies while standing can descend to T5-6 level or ascend to T2 level

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15
Q

Why Foreign bodies that fall down the trachea are more likely to enter

the right bronchus ?

A

This ridge lies to the left of the midline

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16
Q

What special about The mucous membrane of the carina?

A

is the most sensitive area of the respiratory tract (for triggering a cough reflex)

17
Q

Why Widening and distortion of the carina is a serious sign ?

A

because it usually indicates carcinoma of the lymph nodes around the region

18
Q

What are the impressions of the right lung ?

A
  • heart
  • diaphragm
  • azygous vein
  • superior vena cava
19
Q

What is the most important impression in the left heart ?

A

Cardiac notch

20
Q

How many times the segmental bronchi (tert) will divide till it will give the whole bronchial tree ?

A

26-27 times

21
Q

What are the structures that enter bronchpulmonary segments (3)

A
  • alveoli
  • pulmonary artery ( intrasegemental )
  • pulmonary veins ( between the segments )
22
Q

What is the structure of bronchopulmonary structure ?

A

It is pyramid -shape . Its apex is directed towards the hilum and base towards the surface of the lung

23
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage from the visceral pleura and parenchyma ?

A
  1. superficial pulmonary plexus
  2. Sup. and inf. Tracheo-bronchial lymph nodes
  3. Left and right broncho-mediastinal lymph vessels
  4. Venous system by the venous angle ( junction between IJV and subclavian
24
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage from the bronchi and CT ?

A
  1. Intra-pulmonary lymph nodes
  2. Deep pulmonary plexus
  3. Sup. and inf. tracheo-bronchial lymph nodes
  4. Right and left broncho-mediastinal vessels
  5. Venous system (angle)
25
Q

To what structures are the Nociceptive (pain)? Sym and para-sym

A
  1. Sympathetic
    - visceral pleura
    - bronchi
  2. Parasympathetic
    - trachea
26
Q

What are the receptors for cough reflex ( afferent )

A
  1. Stretch … bronchial smooth muscle
  2. Hering bruer reflex … CT and smooth muscle between alveoli
  3. Pressure … pulmonary arteries
  4. Chemoreception … pulmonary veins

RESP. ANATOMY (6 decks)

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