L2: affects, emotion, motivation

Question 1

What is motivation?

Answer 1

process that initiates, guides, and maintains goal-oriented behaviour

but does not apply for studying for this exam…..

Question 2

all motivation involves

Answer 2

biological
emotional
cognitive factors

Question 3

biological motive

Answer 3

related to survival and reproduction- need for oxygen, hydration, food, comfortable temperature, excretion, sleep

Question 4

social and pyschological motive

Answer 4

vary between individuals and cultures - automony, affiliation, dominance, exhibtion, order, achievement, money

Question 5

if you are motivated…… then you are?

Answer 5

driven to engage in the goal-directed behaviour
you direct your whole nergy towards it
your intensity of motivation can very

Question 6

are you motivated to study psych?

Answer 6

no.

Question 7

theories of motivation

Answer 7

instinct
drive reduction
reward/pleasure seeking
incentive
cognitive
humansitic

Question 8

Instinct Theory

Answer 8

innate tendencies

Question 9

drive reduction theory

Answer 9

behaviour motivated by drives and needs

ex- lack of energy- hunger- eat- balance

Question 10

reward/pleasure center theory

Answer 10

pleasure seeking

in addiction it gets out of control

Question 11

incentive theory

Answer 11

external reward for attaining a particular goal

ex. studying- getting good grades- return becoming a doctor- making money

Question 12

Cognitive theories

Answer 12

active processing and interpretation of information
expectancy- based on individual goals
goal setting- people set goals and challenge to achieve them as motivation

Question 13

concepts of cognitive theories

Answer 13

self-efficacy
control
cognitive dissonance - discomfort arising from having inconsistent thoughts or believes

Question 14

overjustification

Answer 14

offering external rewards for an internally rewarding behaviour can lead to decrease of instrinsic motivation

Question 15

humanistic theory

Answer 15

motivation can be conceived as factors that satisfy certain needs
abraham maslow
maslows pyramid
basic physiological drives to high-level social needs

Question 16

maslows pyramid

Answer 16

1. physiological
2. safety
3. love/belonging
4. esteem
5. self-actualization

Question 17

motivational interviewing

Answer 17

method to facilitate intrinsic motivation
it is goal-directed and directive
counsellor explores the clients ambivalence and aims to resolve it
non-judgemental, non-confrontational
considers the advantages and disadvantages of changing the behaviour

Question 18

what is emotion?

Answer 18

mental bodily response to a situation ; anxiety, anger, shape, joy

Question 19

components of emotion (4)

Answer 19

interpretation of a stimulus - someone shouts at you, threatening
feeling- subjective experience of fear
physiological response- autonomous nervous system, increase hr, etc
behaviour- facial expression, running away

Question 20

who is phineas gage

Answer 20

lost a part of his frontal lobe when an iron went through him
change in personality: problems making decisions and uncontrolled emotional outbursts

so lose in frontal lobe- lose in emotional capacity and inability to set goals and establish priorities

Question 21

emotion theories

Answer 21

peripheral theories of emotion
cognitive appraisal theory
affective neuroscience appraoch

Question 22

James- Lange theory

Answer 22

emotions are the brains interpretation of physiological events
snake- run away- response interpreted by brain as fear

Question 23

facial feedback theory

Answer 23

darwin- emotional feelings caused by patterns of movement of facial msulces

Question 24

four basic qualities of emotions

Answer 24

1. they are expressed in facial expressions
2. they are less controllable then we might think
3. emotions influence many cognitive processes, like mkaing decisions
4. some emotions are hard wired in the brain

Question 25

prefrontal cortex

Answer 25

enables emotions to be recalled and experienced even when fear object is not present

Question 26

lie detection based on:

Answer 26

four components of emotion:

1. interpretation
2. subjective feeling
3. physiological reactions (automatic nervous system)
4. some overt behaviour

Question 27

definition of happiness;

Answer 27

the overall appreciation of ones life- as- a - whole