L2: affects, emotion, motivation Flashcards
What is motivation?
process that initiates, guides, and maintains goal-oriented behaviour
but does not apply for studying for this exam…..
all motivation involves
biological
emotional
cognitive factors
biological motive
related to survival and reproduction- need for oxygen, hydration, food, comfortable temperature, excretion, sleep
social and pyschological motive
vary between individuals and cultures - automony, affiliation, dominance, exhibtion, order, achievement, money
if you are motivated…… then you are?
driven to engage in the goal-directed behaviour
you direct your whole nergy towards it
your intensity of motivation can very
are you motivated to study psych?
no.
theories of motivation
instinct drive reduction reward/pleasure seeking incentive cognitive humansitic
Instinct Theory
innate tendencies
drive reduction theory
behaviour motivated by drives and needs
ex- lack of energy- hunger- eat- balance
reward/pleasure center theory
pleasure seeking
in addiction it gets out of control
incentive theory
external reward for attaining a particular goal
ex. studying- getting good grades- return becoming a doctor- making money
Cognitive theories
active processing and interpretation of information
expectancy- based on individual goals
goal setting- people set goals and challenge to achieve them as motivation
concepts of cognitive theories
self-efficacy
control
cognitive dissonance - discomfort arising from having inconsistent thoughts or believes
overjustification
offering external rewards for an internally rewarding behaviour can lead to decrease of instrinsic motivation
humanistic theory
motivation can be conceived as factors that satisfy certain needs
abraham maslow
maslows pyramid
basic physiological drives to high-level social needs
maslows pyramid
- physiological
- safety
- love/belonging
- esteem
- self-actualization
motivational interviewing
method to facilitate intrinsic motivation
it is goal-directed and directive
counsellor explores the clients ambivalence and aims to resolve it
non-judgemental, non-confrontational
considers the advantages and disadvantages of changing the behaviour
what is emotion?
mental bodily response to a situation ; anxiety, anger, shape, joy
components of emotion (4)
interpretation of a stimulus - someone shouts at you, threatening
feeling- subjective experience of fear
physiological response- autonomous nervous system, increase hr, etc
behaviour- facial expression, running away
who is phineas gage
lost a part of his frontal lobe when an iron went through him
change in personality: problems making decisions and uncontrolled emotional outbursts
so lose in frontal lobe- lose in emotional capacity and inability to set goals and establish priorities
emotion theories
peripheral theories of emotion
cognitive appraisal theory
affective neuroscience appraoch
James- Lange theory
emotions are the brains interpretation of physiological events
snake- run away- response interpreted by brain as fear
facial feedback theory
darwin- emotional feelings caused by patterns of movement of facial msulces
four basic qualities of emotions
- they are expressed in facial expressions
- they are less controllable then we might think
- emotions influence many cognitive processes, like mkaing decisions
- some emotions are hard wired in the brain
