L18 - Tourism and Noise

Question 1

disease regularion: morbillovirus (3)

Answer 1

1. bottlenose dolphins
2. mediterranean monk seal
3. harbor seals (including grey seals)

Question 2

disease regulation: brevetoxins

Answer 2

FL manatees (microalgae)

Question 3

ecotourism: monkey-mia shark bay

Answer 3

1. tourism negatively effects dolphins - most exposed females are least successful at reproducing

Question 4

underwater noise: uses of sound (5)

Answer 4

1. communucation
2. reproduction
3. predator avoidance
4. feeding
5. navigation

Question 5

possible effect of underwater sound: physiological (2)

Answer 5

1. non-auditory: tissue trauma
2. auditory:
   - permanent hearing loss
   - temporary hearing loss

Question 6

possible effect of underwater sound: behavioral (2)

Answer 6

1. masking
   - communication
   - orientation
   - navigation
   - predator avoidance
2. annoyance: avoidance
   - change in behavior
   - abandonment of critical habitat

Question 7

critical habitats (10)

Answer 7

1. migration corridors
2. feeding grounds
3. breeding grounds
4. calving grounds
5. bathymetry
6. water temp
7. water structure
8. upwelling
9. convergence zones
10. predator avoidance

Question 8

behavioral reactions of marine animals to noise (5)

Answer 8

1. none observable - animals can become less sensitive over repeated exposures
2. looking or increased alertness
3. habitat abandonment: temporary or permanent
4. stranding causing injury or death

Question 9

significant issues of behavioral disturbance (3)

Answer 9

1. reproduction: mating behavior
2. survival: strandings, separation of calf
3. growth: feeding and energetics

Question 10

are beaked whales at risk of the bends? (3)

Answer 10

1. lungs are thought to collapse at 70-100m
2. air-filled cavities at depth, area involved in sound production
3. long path-length and small area suggest insignificant diffusion outside of lungs