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Anatomy II: Exam 3 > L18: Neck & Cervical Plexus > Flashcards

L18: Neck & Cervical Plexus Flashcards

1
Q

unique features of the neck

A
  1. atlas and axis
  2. cervical segments are the only ones w/ branchial-motor outflow only
    - -via CN XI
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2
Q

similarities between trunk and neck

A
  1. have vertebrae
  2. have mixed spinal n’s
  3. have separate epaxial and hypaxial muscles
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3
Q

smooth muscles of trunk gut are derived from ?

A

unsegmented mesoderm

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4
Q

gut tube in neck is surrounded by ?

A

striated branchial arch muscles

  • -muscles of pharynx and larynx
  • -derived from post pharyngeal arches
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5
Q

superficial striated muscles of the neck form ?

A

an incomplete layer

–trapezius and sternocleidomastoid

–derived from gill arch levators

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6
Q

unlike the trunk, the neck lacks ?

A

a coelom

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7
Q

hypaxial muscles in the neck are innervated by ?

A

ventral rami of spinal nerves

just like the other hypaxial muscles of the body

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8
Q

list the groups of neck hypaxial muscles

A
  1. rectus cervices series
  2. geniohyoid
  3. scalene muscles
  4. levator scapulae
  5. pre-vertebral muscles
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9
Q

rectus cervices series

A

deep

  • -sternothyroid
  • -thyrohyoid

superficial

  • -sternohyoid
  • -omohyoid

all together make up the infrahyoid muscles
–name tells you the attachments–

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10
Q

what muscle forms incomplete floor of the mouth ?

A

geniohyoid

genio = chin, omo = shldr

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11
Q

scalene muscles – including attachments

A
  1. ant scalene
    trans process C3-6 to 1st rib
  2. mid scalene
    trans process C5-7 to 1st rib
  3. post scalene
    trans proc C5-7 to 2nd rib
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12
Q

levator scapulae – including attachments

A

separate portion of serratus muscle

upper cervical trans processes (3 or 4)
to
upper medial corner of scapula

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13
Q

what is special about pre-vertebral muscles of the neck?

A

no equivalents elsewhere in the body

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14
Q

pre-vertebral muscles

A
  1. lat and ant intertransversarri
    - -rectus capitis lateralis
    - -rectus capitis ant
  2. longer prevertebral muscles
    - -longus capitis
    - -longus colli
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15
Q

prevertebral fascia

A 
covers muscular floor
which consists of:
1. splenius capitis
2. levator scapulae
3. scalene muscles
4. omohyoid
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16
Q

borders of the anterior triangle of the neck

A

superior – mandible

posterior – sternocleidomastoid
(which is also the ant border of ?)

anterior – midline of neck

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17
Q

subdivisions of the anterior triangle of the neck ?

A
  1. muscular triangle
  2. submandibular triangle
  3. carotid triangle
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18
Q

list the contents of the muscular triangle

A
  1. digastric
  2. stylohoid
  3. mylohyoid
  4. geniohyoid
  5. sternohyoid
  6. thyrohyoid
  7. omohyoid
  8. sternothyroid
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19
Q

digastric - characteristics

A

made up of 2 bellies

innervated by 2 dif CNs based upon embryo origin from 2 dif pharyngeal arches I and II

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20
Q

digastric – anterior belly

A

digastric fossa of mandible
to
post belly via intermediate tendon of hyoid bone

elevate hyoid and tongue
open mouth
depress mandible

mylohyoid nerve CN V3

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21
Q

digastric – posterior belly

A

mastoid notch of temporal
to
ant belly via inter tendon

elevate hyoid and tongue
open mouth
depress mandible
(same as ant belly)

mylohyoid nerve CN VII

22
Q

stylohyoid

A

styloid process of temporal
body of hyoid

elevate n retract hyoid

mylohyoid n CN VII

23
Q

mylohyoid

A

mylohyoid line of mandible
raphe/body of hyoid

elevate hyoid

mylohyoid n CN V3

24
Q

geniohyoid

A

inf mental spine of mandible
body of hyoid

elevate hyoid

hypoglossal n

25
Q

sternohyoid

A

manubrium
hyoid

depress hyoid and larynx

ansa cervicalis

26
Q

sternothyroid

A

manubrium
thyroid cart

depress hyoid and larynx

ansa cervicalis

27
Q

thyrohyoid

A

thyroid cartilage
body/greater horn hyoid

depress hyoid
elevate larynx

hypoglossal n

28
Q

omohyoid consists of ?

A

2 bellies

connected via intermediate tendon of hyoid
–which passes thru a clavicular sling

29
Q

omohyoid

A

sup belly: hyoid body
inf belly: upper scapula
to
interm T (attached to clavicle and 1st rib)

depress hyoid

ansa cervicalis

30
Q

compare the innervations of the contents of muscular triangle

A

mylohyoid n CN V3

  • -ant belly digastric
  • -mylohyoid

mylohyoid n CN VII

  • -post belly digastric
  • -stylohyoid

hypoglossal n

  • -geniohyoid
  • -thyrohyoid

ansa cervicalis

  • -sternohyoid
  • -sternothyroid
  • -omohyoid
31
Q

common carotid below the larynx

A

does not give off any branches below larynx

lower neck is supplied by subclavian artery branches

32
Q

branches of the subclavian artery

A

vertebral a
internal thoracic a
Costocervical trunk
thyrocervical trunk

33
Q

blood monitors near the point of bifurcation of the common carotid

A

carotid sinus

  • -dilated terminal portion of common carotid
  • -baroreceptor

carotid body
–chemoreceptor

34
Q

the internal carotid has ____ branches in the neck

A

no branches

35
Q

trace the common carotid path

A

runs from front of trachea toward dorsal body wall

travels w/in the carotid sheath

36
Q

contents of the carotid sheath

A

carotid artery
internal jugular vein
part of vagus n

37
Q

_______ carotid artery has 3 main branches that enter the neck. list them & the other branches of the artery

A

external carotid a

  1. sup thyroid – lowest
  2. ascending pharyngeal –medial
  3. occipital – post
  • -lingual
  • -fascial
  • -post auricular
  • -superf temporal
  • -maxillary
38
Q

what branches of the external carotid are ant/post/terminal?

A

anterior

  • -sup thyroid
  • -facial
  • -lingual

posterior

  • -occipital
  • -post auricular

terminal

  • -supf temporal
  • -maxillary
39
Q

the lingual artery is crossed by ?

A

hypoglossal nerve at its origin

40
Q

characteristics of the cervical plexus

A

from ventral rami C1-4

runs partly w/ hypoglossal n CNXII

4 sensory and 8 motor branches

41
Q

list sensory branches of the cervical plexus

A
  1. great auricular C2-3
  2. lesser occipital c2 ventral (greater o dorsal c2)
  3. transverse cervical c2-3
  4. supraclavicular c3-4
42
Q

list motor branches of the cervical plexus

A
  1. prevertebral muscles
  2. levator scapulae
  3. scalenes
  4. ansa cervicalis
  5. phrenic n
  6. geniohyoid
  7. thyrohyoid
  8. sup and inf limbs
43
Q

motor branches to prevertebral muscles

A

rectus capitis ant and lat

longus capitis and colli

44
Q

ansa cervicalis

A

supplies infrahyoid muscles except the thyrohyoid

45
Q

nerve to geniohyoid is C1 via ?

A

hypoglossal n

46
Q

cervical plexus branches to superior and inferior limbs

A

omohyoid
sternothyroid
sternohyoid

47
Q

trace the sympathetic trunk

A

–ascends on ant surfaces of longus capitis/colli

–lies post to common/internal carotids

–deep to carotid sheath

48
Q

fibers of the upper sympathetic trunk

A

contains preganglionic symp fibers from T1 n T2
–GVA fibers too

sends gray rami communicantes to all cervical ventral rami

49
Q

superior cervical ganglion

A

elongated structure on longus capitis muscles

level of C1-2

postganglionic symp fibers supply all smooth muscles and glands of the head

50
Q

stellate ganglion

A

fused inferior cervical ganglion and T1 ganglion

51
Q

components of the sympathetic trunk

A

sup cervical ganglion

mid cervical ganglion

inf cervical ganglion

stellate ganglion

Anatomy II: Exam 3 (6 decks)

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