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Anatomy - Lower limb > L18: Musculo-neuro-vascular systems of lateral leg and foot > Flashcards

L18: Musculo-neuro-vascular systems of lateral leg and foot Flashcards

1
Q

lateral compartment of leg; muscles [2], nerve

A
  1. fibularis [peroneus] longus
  2. fibularis [peroneus] brevis

nerve: superficial fibular [peroneal] nerve

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2
Q

lateral compartment of leg actions

A

principally evertors of foot
especially active during plantarflexion
- walking on toes
- pushing off with great toe

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3
Q

fibularis [peroneus] longus; origin

A

head and superior two thirds of lateral surface of fibula

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4
Q

fibularis [peroneus] longus; insertion

A

base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform

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5
Q

fibularis [peroneus] longus; innervation + actions

A

innervation: superficial fibular [peroneal] nerve
action: eversion of foot and weak ankle plantarflexion

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6
Q

course of tendon of fibularis [peroneus] longus:

A
  • swings under the foot to cross the sole of foot and insert into the base of the 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform
  • acts as a stirrup to support the arches of the foot
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7
Q

arches of foot formed by:

A

tarsal and metatarsal bones

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8
Q

Fibularis (peroneus) brevis; origin

A

lies deep to fibularis longus
origin: lower two thirds of lateral surface of fibula

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9
Q

Fibularis (peroneus) brevis; insertion

A

dorsal surface of tuberosity on lateral side of base of 5th metatarsal

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10
Q

Fibularis (peroneus) brevis; innervation + action

A

innervation: superficial fibular [peroneal] nerve
action: eversion of foot and weak ankle plantarflexion

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11
Q

lateral compartment nerves:

A

superficial fibular [peroneal] nerve
- terminal branch of common fibular nerve
- continues as cutaneous nerve, supplying skin on:
- distal anterior surface of leg
- most of dorsum of foot

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12
Q

lateral compartment blood vessels

A
  • does not contain a major artery
  • perforating branch arteries and veins
    • perforating branches of anterior tibial artery
    • perforating branches of fibular artery
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13
Q

bones of the foot

A

tarsals : talus, calcaneus, navicular, medial/intermediate/lateral cuneiform, cuboid
metatarsals
phalanges

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14
Q

joints of foot

A

ankle [talocrural] joint
joints of foot:
- subtalar
- transverse tarsal joint : talocalcaneonavicular, calcaneocuboid
- intertarsal joints
- tarsometatarsal joints
- metatarsophalangeal joints
- interphalangeal joints

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15
Q

movements of metatarsophalangeal joints:

A

flexion
extension
abduction
adduction

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16
Q

movements of interphalangeal joints:

A

flexion
extension

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17
Q

foot: deep fascia

A
  • dorsal fascia continuous with inferior extensor retinaculum
  • plantar fascia:
    • thick central part: plantar aponeurosis
    • weaker medial and lateral parts
  • 3 compartments
    1. medial compartment
    2. central compartment
    3. lateral compartment
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18
Q

extrinsic muscles

A

extrinsic muscles from compartments of leg (anterior, lateral and posterior leg compartments)
- plantarflexion and dorsiflexion
- inversion and eversion

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19
Q

intrinsic muscles

A

intrinsic muscles originate an insert in the foot
20 muscles
- dorsum of foot [2]
- sole of foot (plantar) [14, 4 muscle layers]
- intermediate (4 dorsal interossei)

important in:
- propulsion of foot [gait]
- adjustment to uneven ground
- fixing foot or increasing pressure in different regions of foot to maintain balance

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20
Q

sole [plantar aspect] of foot

A
  • covered with thick layer of skin and fatty superficial fascia
  • plantar aponeurosis [deep fascia]
  • muscles, nerves and vessels lie deep to the plantar aponeurosis
  • muscles of the sole supplied by:
    • medial and lateral plantar nerves (branches of tibial nerve)
    • medial and lateral plantar arteries
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21
Q

sole [plantar aspect] of foot; intrinsic muscles function + innervation

A

10 intrinsic muscles located in the sole if the foot
function: control individual movement of the digits, stabilise the arches of the foot
all are innervated by branches of the tibial nerve:
- medial plantar nerve
- lateral plantar nerve
The muscles of the plantar aspect are described in 4 layers (superficial to deep)

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22
Q

plantar muscles layer 1 (3)

A

most superficial to the sole
located immediately underneath plantar fascia
1. abductor hallucis
2. flexor digitorum brevis
3. abductor digiti minimi

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23
Q

abductor hallucis; origin

A

medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus, flexor retinaculum, plantar aponeurosis

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24
Q

abductor hallucis; insertion

A

medial side of bade of proximal phalanx of great toe

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25
Q

abductor hallucis; innervation

A

medial plantar nerve

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26
Q

abductor hallucis; action

A

abducts and flexes great toes [ hallux ]

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27
Q

flexor digitorum brevis; origin

A

medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis, intermuscular septs

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28
Q

flexor digitorum brevis; insertion

A

both sides of middle phalanges of digits 2-5

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29
Q

flexor digitorum brevis; innervation

A

medial plantar nerve

30
Q

flexor digitorum brevis; actions

A

flexes lateral 4 digits

31
Q

abductor digiti minimi; origin

A

medial and lateral tubercles of tuberosity of calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis, intermuscular septa

32
Q

abductor digiti minimi; insertion

A

lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of digit 5

33
Q

abductor digiti minimi; innervation

A

lateral plantar nerve

34
Q

abductor digiti minimi; action

A

abducts and flexes little toe

35
Q

plantar muscles: layer 2

A

2 muscles
tendons of the extrinsic muscle flexor digitorum longus also pass through this layer
1. quadratus plantae
2. lumbricals

36
Q

quadratus plantae; origin

A

medial surface and lateral margin of plantar surface if calcaneus

37
Q

quadratus plantae; insertion

A

posterolateral margin of tendon of flexor digitorum longus

38
Q

quadratus plantae; innervation + action

A

innervation: lateral plantar nerve
actions: assists flexor digitorum longus (FDL) in flexing toes 2-5

39
Q

lumbricals (x4); origin

A

tendons of flexor digitorum longus

40
Q

lumbricals; insertion

A

medial aspect of expansion over digits 2-5

41
Q

lumbricals; innervation + action

A

innervation: medial 1(1st): medial plantar nerve, Lateral 3 (2nd -4th): lateral plantar nerve
actions: flex proximal phalanges, extend middle and distal phalanges of digits 2-5

42
Q

plantar muscles: layer 3 (3)

A

3 muscles
associated with movements of the great toe [hallux] and little toe
1. flexor hallucis brevis
2. adductor hallucis
3. flexor digiti minimi

43
Q

flexor hallucis brevis; origin

A

plantar surface of cuboid and lateral cuneiform

44
Q

flexor hallucis brevis; insertion

A

both sides of base of proximal phalanx of great toe

45
Q

flexor hallucis brevis; innervation + action

A

innervation: medial plantar surface
action: flexes proximal phalanx of great toe
tendon contains 2 sesamoid bones

46
Q

adductor hallucis; origin

A
  • oblique head: bases of metatarsals 2-4
  • transverse head: plantar ligament of metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints
47
Q

adductor hallucis; insertion

A

lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of big toe

48
Q

adductor hallucis; innervation + action

A

innervation: deep branch of lateral plantar nerve
action: adducts great toe, assists in transverse arch of foot by pulling metatarsals medially

49
Q

flexor digiti minimi; origin

A

base of metatarsal 5

50
Q

flexor digiti minimi; insertion

A

base of proximal phalanx 5

51
Q

flexor digiti minimi; innervation + action

A

innervation: superficial branch of lateral plantar nerve
action: flexes proximal phalanx of little toe, assisting with flexion

52
Q

plantar muscles: layer 4

A

2 muscle groups
associated with abduction and adduction movements of the toe
1. plantar interossei (x3)
2. dorsal interossei (x4)

53
Q

plantar interossei; origin

A

plantar aspect of medial sides of metatarsals 3-5

54
Q

plantar interossei; insertion

A

medial sides of bases of proximal phalanges 3-5

55
Q

plantar interossei; innervation + action

A

innervation: lateral plantar nerve
action: adducts toes 3-5, and flex metatarsophalangeal joints
PAD: Planter interossei ADuct

56
Q

dorsal interossei; origins

A

adjacent sides of metatarsals 1-5

57
Q

dorsal interossei; insertion

A

1st: medial side of proximal phalanx of 2nd digit
2nd-4th: lateral sides of digits 2-4

58
Q

dorsal interossei; innervation + action

A

innervation: lateral plantar nerve
action: abduction of toes 2-4 and flex metatarsophalangeal joints
DAB: Dorsal interossei ABduct

59
Q

dorsum of foot; 2 muscles

A

-many of the extrinsic muscles attach to the dorsum of the foot
- 2 connected muscles:
- extensor digitorum brevis (EDB)
- extensor hallucis brevis (EHB)
- mainly responsible for assisting the extrinsic extensor muscles
- innervated by the deep fibular (peroneal) nerve

60
Q

extensor digitorum brevis (EDB); origin

A

calcaneus [floor of tarsal sinus]: interosseus talocalcaneal ligament, stem of inferior extensor retinaculum

61
Q

extensor digitorum brevis (EDB); insertion

A

tendons of extensor digitorum 2-4

62
Q

extensor digitorum brevis (EDB); innervation

A

deep fibular [peroneal] nerve

63
Q

extensor digitorum brevis (EDB); actions

A

aids extensor digitorum longus [EDL] in extending toes 2-4 at metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints

64
Q

extensor hallucis brevis (EHB); origin

A

common with the extensor digitorum brevis

65
Q

extensor hallucis brevis (EHB); insertion

A

dorsal aspect of base of proximal phalanx of great toe

66
Q

extensor hallucis brevis (EHB); innervation

A

deep fibular nerve [peroneal]

67
Q

extensor hallucis brevis (EHB); actions

A

aids extensor hallucis longus [EHL] in extending great toe at the metarsophalangeal joint

68
Q

nerves of the foot

A

cutaneous

69
Q

arteries of the foot

A

terminal branches of anterior and posterior tibial arteries
- dorsal pedis
- plantar arteries: medial and lateral

70
Q

dorsalis pedis artery

A
  • dorsal artery of foot
  • continuation of anterior tibial artery
  • continuations:
    • deep plantar artery [deep plantar arch]
    • lateral tarsal artery
    • 1st dorsal metatarsal artery
    • arcuate artery
    • 2nd, 3rd, 4th dorsal metatarsal arteries
    • dorsal digital arteries
71
Q

arteries of sole of foot

A
  • posterior tibial artery continues as medial and lateral plantar arteries
  • medial plantar artery - smaller terminal branch
  • lateral plantar artery
    • larger terminal branch
    • deep plantar arch
    • joins deep plantar artery [branch of dorsalis pedis]
    • plantar metatarsal arteries
    • plantar digital arteries
72
Q

venous drainage of foot

A
  • superficial and deep veins
  • deep venous drainage: paired veins accompanying arteries
  • superficial veins are subcutaneous and unaccompanied by arteries
  • dorsal venous arch

Anatomy - Lower limb (9 decks)

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