L18 - Intro to Pulmonary Physiology Flashcards
Part of the lung where there is:
- Bulk air movement
- Anatomic dead space (no alveoli)
- No gas exchange
Conducting Zone
Includes: trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles
Part of the lung where there is:
- Increasing number of alveoli
- Air distribution by diffusion
- Alveolar-capillary unit; Gas exchange takes place
Transitional / Respiratory Zone
Includes: respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs
Describe normal lung histology
Large spaces between alveoli and thin alveolar walls
A. What are the 2 sources of blood to the lungs and what are their primary roles?
B.How does this impact lung infarctions?
A.
- Pulmonary artery - responsible for gas exchange (pulm aa –> alveoli –> alveolar ducts –> RBC picks up and drops off CO2 –> pulm vv)
- Bronchial artery - gives nutrition to lungs
B. Lung rarely infarcts since it has 2 sources of blood
Tidal Breathing: Inspiration Which is false?
A. Brain initiates inspiratory signal
B. Inspiratory muscles contract
C. Thoracic volume increases - diaphragm flattens
D. Intrapleural pressure increases
E. Alveoli expand
F. Alveolar pressure less than atmospheric
G. Air gradient so air flows into airways until Alveolar = atmospheric pressure
D. decreases
Tidal Breathing: Expiration Which is false?
A. Brain ceases inspiratory signal
B. Inspiratory muscles relax - diaphragm returns to normal shape
C. Alveoli recoil (elastic)
D. Thoracic volume decreases
E. Alveolar pressure much less than atmospheric
F. Air flows out of airways until Alveolar = atmospheric pressure
E. Alveolar pressure much greater than atomospheric
T/F Restrictive lung diseases or rib cage abnormalities will impair normal tidal breathing?
T
Which is not a common pulmonary symptoms?
- Dyspnea
- Syncope
- Hemoptysis
- Cough
- Nausea
- Nausea is not a common symptom Chest pain is the other pulmonary symptom
On physical exam: Whistle noise made during exhalation due to narrow tubes
Wheezing
On inspection what do you look for in someone with impaired pulmonary function?
- ability to finish a sentence
- cyanosis
- use of accessory muscles
On physical exam: Static-like sound due to alveoli filled with fluid.
Rales (crackles)
On physical exam: Sound made on inspiration as if one was breathing through a straw. This is due to upper airway obstruction causing turbulent flow
Stridor
What physical exam sign may indicate chronic lung disease?
Clubbing
On percussion a pleural effusion will sound _____?
Dull (due to fluid around lungs)
On percussion a pneumothorax will sound _____?
Hyperresonant around the pleural space
Spirometry is a test used to:
A. Exam lung function
B. Differentiate obstructive from restrictive lung diseases
C. Evaluate symptoms such as dyspnea, cough and wheezing
D. monitor response to therapy
E. Stage the severity of lung disease
F. Detect bronchial hyporesponsiveness
F. Hyperresponsiveness
Describe the technique of how patients must breathe during spirometry.
Inhale to TLC, then forcibly exhale to RV. (e.g. VC)
Volume of air exhaled in first second by forced expiratory effort
FEV1 (Forced Expiratory Volume at the first second)
Total volume of air exhaled by forced expiratory effort
FVC (Forced Vital Capacity)
- Expressed as a percentage
- Above 70% to be normal
FEV1/FVC (ratio of FEV1 to FVC)
Reference (normal) values of spirometry tests are NOT based on:
A. Weight
B. Height
C. Sex
D. Age
E. Ethnicity
A. Weight is not used
Breathing volume at rest (includes normal inhalation and exhalation)
Tidal volume