Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

6 Neurological Dysfunction > L17 Other CNS > Flashcards

L17 Other CNS Flashcards

1
Q

____ of annual workplace assaults occur in healthcare fields

A

75%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Preventative Actions to Violence

A

recognize early signs of agitation
1:1 sitter
attending to basic needs
seatbelt alarms
distraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Indication for seclusion or restraint

A

imminent danger to others
imminent danger to self
profound disruption of tx or damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

You must have a ____ to restrain

A

MD order
documentation and reeval of need

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Timing of Restraints

A

no longer than 4 hours for adults
no longer than 2 hours for 9-17 yo
no longer than 1 hour for <9 yo

pts should be monitored once and hour and moved at regular intervals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Types of restraints

A

hand mitts
soft loth limb restraints
enclosed beds
belts and vests

chemical restraints

use the least restrictive method necessary to correct the issue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Pathogenesis of Subdural Hematoma

A

trauma, fall, blow to head can result in tear of bridging veins

these veins pass through subdural potential space, if torn will cause venous blood to accumulate in space

blood accumulation happens slowly over time

sufficient accumulation of blood causes pressure increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Mass effect

A

sufficient accumulation of blood, the pressure increases causing displacement of intracranial structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Risk factors for subdural hematoma

A

cerebral atrophy
anti-thrombotic medication
infants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cerebral atrophy

A

makes bridging veins more susceptible to shear injury

common in older adults, chronic alcohol use, previous TBI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Infants and subdural hematoma

A

cannot absorb shock of being shaken due to weak neck muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Epidural Hematoma

A

rapidly expanding with arterial blood
can happen with skull fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Brain herniation

A

occurs when mass effect is severe enough to push intracranial structures from one compartment to another

this can occur due to hematoma, intracranial tumor, edema in brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

CP of Acute epidural hematoma

A

high velocity impact
associated with other injuries
minutes to hours for symptom onset
symptoms of increased pressure

explosive headache, altered mental status, cranial nerve palsies, nausea, change to vital signs, coma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

subdural hematoma CP

A

minimal to low force trauma
over several days to weeks after trauma event

headache, cognitive impairment, decreased alterness, worsening balance, then signs of increased intracranial pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Medical Dx of Hematoma

A

CT scan without contrast

SDH will have crescent shape and concave hyperdensity

may see displacement of intracranial structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Treatment of Hematoma

A

watch and wait for chronic or small SDH

surgical intervention by craniotomy if S/S of increased intracranial pressure

burr hole –helps relieve pressure on brain

18
Q

PT and Hematoma

A

same PT exam as pt with other cortex pathology

monitor high risk patients (older adults who have fallen, patients on antithrombotic meds who fell, infants)

19
Q

Patients with diagnosed SDH and PT

A

treat identified activity and body/structure impairments

patient education for fall risk reduction and S/S of worsening SDH

20
Q

Patients at risk for SDH and PT

A

ask about headaches, alertness, changes in balance

take vitals and screen cranial nerves

treat balance to prevent falls

21
Q

Seizure

A

abnormal, unregulated electrical discharge that occurs within the brain’s cortical gray matter and interrupts normal brain function

believed to occur b/c of disruption to normal balance of excitation and inhibition of neurons in cortex

22
Q

Causes of seizures

A

(over 50%) TBI, stroke, tumors, alcohol withdrawal

fever, infections, epilepsy, diabetes mismanagement, CO poisoning

23
Q

DX of Seizures

A

Clinical history
Physical Exam
MRI with view of temporal, cortical, subcortical
EEG

24
Q

Focal Onset seizures

A

originate in networks in one hemisphere

may originate in subcortical structures

may be localized but can spread to other areas and evolve into general onset seizures

25
Q

Absence Seizures

A

formerly called petit mal seizures, brief episodes of staring and unresponsiveness lasting short periods

26
Q

What is the most common seizure type?

A

typical absence seizures
(nonmotor and general onset)

27
Q

Classification of Seizures

A

Focal –> Aware vs Impaired
General –> Motor vs Nonmotor
Unknown–> Motor vs Nonmotor

28
Q

Focal Onset Seizures Classification

A
  1. Focal Aware –> with motor or with nonmotor onset
  2. Focal Impaired awareness – with motor or with nonmotor onset
29
Q

General Onset Classification

A
  1. Motor –> Generalized onset tonic clonic or other
  2. Nonmotor –> typical absence or other
30
Q

Unknown Onset Classification

A
  1. Motor –> tonic clonic (grand mal) or epileptic
  2. Nonmotor –> behavior arrest
31
Q

Generalized Onset seizures

A

always cause impaired awareness
originate in B hemispheres
see motor activity bilaterally

32
Q

Aura

A

can occur in isolation or be an indicator that the individual may be about to experience a large seizure

the specific sensation is tied to the location of seizure

33
Q

Medial Temporal Aura

A

strange unpleasant odors
feelings of deja vu
feelings of extreme fear or panic

34
Q

Post seizure

A

period of extreme fatigue

individuals can experience cognitive or language impairments

35
Q

Post-ical

A

time period immediately after seizure

36
Q

Medical Tx of Seizures

A

meds control 70% of seizure cases

also involves behavioral mods, like good sleep, avoid stress, decrease alcohol, exercise

37
Q

TBI Seizure Managmenet

A

Drugs are given for GCS <10. Given for 1 week and then stopped

if >1 week, long term management is needed

38
Q

Injury prevention with seizures

A

loosening clothing
placing pillow under head
roll pt onto side
don’t hold down pt
don’t put anything in their mouth

39
Q

call 911 for seizure if

A

person has never had seizure before
difficulty breathing or waking after
lasts longer than 5 minutes
has diabetes, heart disease, other conditions

40
Q

Don’t leave anyone alone after seizure until

A

they can answer who, what, when, where

they can talk or communicate

they are breathing normally

you can wake them if they fall asleep

41
Q

People with seizures should not

A

drive, climb, operate power tools

most individuals can resume after being seizure free for 6 mo to 1 year

6 Neurological Dysfunction (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions