L17 - Learning and Memory I Flashcards
What does LTM require?
new protein synthesis (‘permanent’) whereas short-term does not
What is learning
Adaptive
Acquisition
What is memory?
storage and retrieval
How many items in working memory?
7
What is DECLARATIVE memory?
Explicit
o Events
o Facts
What is NON-DECLARATIVE?
Implicit
o Procedural – skills/habits
o Associative – E.g. Pavlov’s Dogs
What is an amnesia?
Deficit in memory usually result of brain injury
2 Types of amnesia
- Retrograde amnesia – memory loss for event prior to trauma
* Anterograde amnesia – inability to lay down new memories
Hippocampus (location and use)
temporal lobes - Part of the limbic system
memory processing
spatial learning
Severely affected in Alzheimer’s Disease
Hippocampal slice preparation forLong Term Potentiation (LTP): 3 main types of neutrons
Granule cells – gathers input from outside hippocampus
CA3 cells – produce one output to CA1 which provide main output from hippocampus
Long Term Potentiation (Bliss & Lomo, 1973)
Brief high-frequency electrical stimulation of the input pathway produces long-lasting enhancement of the strength of the input-output synapse
Stimulate pre synaptic cell and measure in post
Enhancement can last for weeks due to short high frequency stimulus.
AMPA & NMDA Glutamate Receptors requirements and influx
- AMPA receptor: requires glutamate to open and then allows Na+ influx
- NMDA receptor: requires glutamate PLUS depolarisation to open and then allows Ca2+ and Na+ influx
What blocks NMDA receptors
MG2 ions
What kind of messenger is used?
Nitric Oxide - Retrograde messenger (look at diagram)
Evidence that LTP is involved in spatial learning in rats and mice
Morris Water Maze
Hidden platform using landmarks
