L17 - Autophagy 1

Question 1

What is macroautophagy?

Answer 1

A mechanism to digest intracellular material

Question 2

Why do cells need degradation? (5)

Answer 2

-Homeostasis
-Removing damaged components
-Signalling
-Recycling nutrients
-Reprogramming cells (differentiation)

Question 3

What makes macroautophagy different from other methods of degradation?

Answer 3

-Macroautophagy is only way to remove a whole organelle

Question 4

What is another method of degradation other than macroautophagy?
how does it work?

Answer 4

-LAMP2A
-LAMP2A recognises certain proteins and thread them directly into lysosome

Question 5

What are the other 2 pathways of degradation other than macroautophagy?

Answer 5

-Proteosome
-Chaperone-mediated autophagy/ microautophagy

Question 6

What are the functions of macroautophagy? (4)

Answer 6

1) Nutrient recycling
2) Cellular remodelling
3) Removal of damaged components
4) Killing intracellular pathogens

Question 7

How do pathogens affect autophagy?

Answer 7

-Pathogens is a mix want to either boost or decrease autophagy

Question 8

How is an autophagosome made? (4)

Answer 8

-Found a mitochondria inside a lysosome
-Yeast have one central vacuole
-Vacuole starts to fill with lots of vesicles
-Can’t digest them there is a bigger accumulation inside the cell

Question 9

What is the autophagy machinery required? (4)

Answer 9

-kinase to start it all off
-P3k form certain lipids
-Controls addition of new lipids to fuse with new vesicles
-SNAREs

Question 10

What does selective autophagy do?

Answer 10

-Get rid of misfolded proteins and for neurodegeneration