L17 - Autonomic pharmacology - WIP Flashcards
What happens in the sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation of the iris?
Sympa = pupil dilation Para = pupil constriction
What happens in the sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation of the salivary glands?
Sympa = saliva prod red Para = saliva prod inc
What happens in the sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation of the heart?
Sympa = HR and force inc Para = HR and force dec
What happens in the sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation of the lung?
Sympa = muscle relaxed Para = muscle contracted
What happens in the sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation of the stomach?
Sympa = peristalsis red Para = peristalsis inc
What happens in the sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation of the oral/ nasal mucosa?
Sympa = mucus prod red Para = mucus prod inc
What happens in the sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation of the small/ large intestine?
Sympa = motility red Para = motility inc
What happens in the sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation of the liver?
Sympa = inc conversion of glycogen to glc Para = dec conversion of glycogen to glc
What happens in the sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation of the kidney?
Sympa = dec urine secretion Para = inc urine secretion
What happens in the sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation of the adrenal medulla?
Sympa = Nordrenaline and adrenaline secreted Para = n/a?
What happens in the sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation of the bladder?
Sympa = wall relaxed, sphincter closed Para = wall contracted, sphincter relaxed
Describe the structure of a nicotinic cholinergic receptor
- 5 subunits
- Arranged symmetrically around a central pore
- 2 a
- 1 gamma
- 1 beta
- 1 delta
- N and C terminus located extracellularly
What is hexamethonium?
- Selective antagonist for the neuronal sub-type of nicotinic receptor
- Not competitive
- Blocks ALL the effects of autonomic stimulation
- One of the methonium derivatives
Why are muscarinic agonists aka parasympathomimetic drugs?
Exposure to these drugs mimic the effects of parasympathetic NS activation
What are some of the effects of parasympathomimetics?
Cardiovasc = dec HR
Smooth muscle = contracts BUT VASCULAR S. MUSCLE dilates via endothelium (EDRF = NO)
Exocrine glands = secrete/ sweating/ lacrimation/ salivation/ bronchial secretion
What are some clinical uses of antimuscarinic drugs?
- Asthma
- Bradycardia
- During operations
- Dilate pupils
- Urinary incontinence
- Motion sickness
What is pilocarpine’s action?
On M3 receptors on ciliary muscle, improving aqueous humour drainage, dropping intraocular pressure
What are some clinical uses of antimuscarinic drugs?
- Asthma
- Bradycardia
- During operations
- Dilate pupils
- Urinary incontinence
- Motion sickness
What can pilocarpine be used to treat?
Some forms of glaucoma
What is the route of administration for pilocarpine when using it to treat glaucoma?
Topical to the eye
What are the 5 main subtypes of adrenoceptors?
- a1
- a2
- b1
4,b2
5, b3
What is the function of alpha 1 adrenoceptors?
Contract smooth muscle
- Vasoconstriction
What is the function of alpha 2 adrenoceptors?
- Pre-synaptic auto-inhibition
- Direct vasoconstriction
- Central inhibition of sympathetic outflow
