L17 - Autonomic pharmacology - WIP

Question 1

What happens in the sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation of the iris?

Answer 1

Sympa = pupil dilation 
Para = pupil constriction

Question 2

What happens in the sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation of the salivary glands?

Answer 2

Sympa = saliva prod red
Para = saliva prod inc

Question 3

What happens in the sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation of the heart?

Answer 3

Sympa = HR and force inc
Para = HR and force dec

Question 4

What happens in the sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation of the lung?

Answer 4

Sympa = muscle relaxed
Para = muscle contracted

Question 5

What happens in the sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation of the stomach?

Answer 5

Sympa = peristalsis red 
Para = peristalsis inc

Question 6

What happens in the sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation of the oral/ nasal mucosa?

Answer 6

Sympa = mucus prod red
Para = mucus prod inc

Question 7

What happens in the sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation of the small/ large intestine?

Answer 7

Sympa = motility red
Para = motility inc

Question 8

What happens in the sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation of the liver?

Answer 8

Sympa = inc conversion of glycogen to glc
Para = dec conversion of glycogen to glc

Question 9

What happens in the sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation of the kidney?

Answer 9

Sympa = dec urine secretion
Para = inc urine secretion

Question 10

What happens in the sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation of the adrenal medulla?

Answer 10

Sympa = Nordrenaline and adrenaline secreted 
Para = n/a?

Question 11

What happens in the sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation of the bladder?

Answer 11

Sympa = wall relaxed, sphincter closed
Para = wall contracted, sphincter relaxed

Question 12

Describe the structure of a nicotinic cholinergic receptor

Answer 12

• 5 subunits
• Arranged symmetrically around a central pore
• 2 a
• 1 gamma
• 1 beta
• 1 delta
• N and C terminus located extracellularly

Question 13

What is hexamethonium?

Answer 13

• Selective antagonist for the neuronal sub-type of nicotinic receptor
• Not competitive
• Blocks ALL the effects of autonomic stimulation
• One of the methonium derivatives

Question 14

Why are muscarinic agonists aka parasympathomimetic drugs?

Answer 14

Exposure to these drugs mimic the effects of parasympathetic NS activation

Question 15

What are some of the effects of parasympathomimetics?

Answer 15

Cardiovasc = dec HR
Smooth muscle = contracts BUT VASCULAR S. MUSCLE dilates via endothelium (EDRF = NO)
Exocrine glands = secrete/ sweating/ lacrimation/ salivation/ bronchial secretion

Question 16

What are some clinical uses of antimuscarinic drugs?

Answer 16

• Asthma
• Bradycardia
• During operations
• Dilate pupils
• Urinary incontinence
• Motion sickness

Question 17

What is pilocarpine’s action?

Answer 17

On M3 receptors on ciliary muscle, improving aqueous humour drainage, dropping intraocular pressure

Question 18

What are some clinical uses of antimuscarinic drugs?

Answer 18

• Asthma
• Bradycardia
• During operations
• Dilate pupils
• Urinary incontinence
• Motion sickness

Question 19

What can pilocarpine be used to treat?

Answer 19

Some forms of glaucoma

Question 20

What is the route of administration for pilocarpine when using it to treat glaucoma?

Answer 20

Topical to the eye

Question 21

What are the 5 main subtypes of adrenoceptors?

Answer 21

1. a1
2. a2
3. b1
   4,b2
   5, b3

Question 22

What is the function of alpha 1 adrenoceptors?

Answer 22

Contract smooth muscle

- Vasoconstriction

Question 23

What is the function of alpha 2 adrenoceptors?

Answer 23

• Pre-synaptic auto-inhibition
• Direct vasoconstriction
• Central inhibition of sympathetic outflow