L17 - Adaptable design template of limbs; WIP

Question 1

How could you define movement?

Answer 1

• Change in position

- Change in position of any part of the body

Question 2

How could you define limb movement?

Answer 2

• A change in the angle subtended at any joint

Question 3

What is isometric movement in exercise?

Answer 3

The static contraction of a muscle without any visible movement in the angle of the joint
- Muscle contracts but does not shorten

Question 4

What is concentric contraction?

Answer 4

Type of muscle activation that causes tension on your muscle as it shortens (move forearm towards you)

Question 5

What is eccentric contraction?

Answer 5

Motion of an active muscle while it is lengthening under loads (move forearm away from you)

Question 6

What are the different parts of the mesoderm from their relative position to the midline?

Answer 6

1. Paraxial
2. Intermediate
3. Lateral plate mesoderm

Question 7

What are the 3 regions that the limb is organised into in embryology?

Answer 7

1. Stylopod (humerus and femur)
2. Zeugopod (ulna and radius or tibia and fibula)
3. Autopod (wrist and fingers or ankle and toes)
   (proximal to distal)

Question 8

What does the axial skeleton comprise of?

Answer 8

1. Head
2. Thoracic cage
3. Vertebral column

Question 9

What does the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 9

1. 2 upper limbs

2. 2 lower limbs

Question 10

What is the sternoclavicular joint?

Answer 10

Formed by articulation of the medial aspect of the clavicle with the manubrium of the sternum

• Plane joint
• Fibrocartilage joint disc

Question 11

What are the 4 main joints in the pectoral girdle (shoulder complex)?

Answer 11

1. Sternoclavicular joint
2. Scapulothoracic joint
3. Acromioclavicular joint
4. Glenohumeral joint

Question 12

What is the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 12

Formed by articulation of head of humerus (ball) and the glenoid fossa of the scapula

Question 13

What is the acromioclavicular joint?

Answer 13

Formed by articulation of acromion of scapula and and the lateral ned of the clavicle

Question 14

What is the scapulothoracic joint?

Answer 14

Formed by articulation of the convex surface of the posterior thoracic cage and the concave surface of the anterior scapula

Question 15

What are the 4 joints found in the pelvis?

Answer 15

1. Lumbosacral
2. Sacro-iliac joints x2 (fibrous joints)
3. Pubic symphysis (a secondary cartilaginous joint - does not ossify throughout the human lifespan)

Question 16

Which hormone is responsible for loosening of the pelvis and why is it important?

Answer 16

• Hormone called relaxin
• Prod by the ovary and placenta
• Loosens joints of pelvis
• Preparation for childbirth

Question 17

What are the three bones that fuse and make up the pelvis?

Answer 17

1. Ischium
2. Ilium
3. Pubis
   - Unite at the acetabulum through the tri-radiate cartilage