L16 - Pain 5

Question 1

Does A-beta terminate in the superficial or deep dorsal horn?

Answer 1

Deep

*Their presynaptic terminals are among the most complex in the CNS

Question 2

Shark and sting rays nociception
Thick and thin (terminate in superficial region - where we see complex synaptic connectivity including glomerular terminals and synaptic vesicle types) fibres, all myelinated, huge spinal cord (lots of white, little grey matter)

Answer 2

Shark and sting rays nociception
Thick and thin (terminate in superficial region - where we see complex synaptic connectivity including glomerular terminals and synaptic vesicle types) fibres, all myelinated, huge spinal cord (lots of white, little grey matter)

Question 3

What peptide did Snow find in the shark’s spinal cord?

Answer 3

Leu-enkephalin (opioid) peptide in the spinal cord

Question 4

Pain irritated the frog so it moved its limb to where pain - frog has no brain so it is purely reflexive

Answer 4

Pain irritated the frog so it moved its limb to where pain - frog has no brain so it is purely reflexive

Question 5

Rather than a single cortical locus, the malleability of pain perception supports the view that there a large number of pain regions aka pain matrix that interact in the generation of the pain experience

Answer 5

Rather than a single cortical locus, the malleability of pain perception supports the view that there a large number of pain regions aka pain matrix that interact in the generation of the pain experience

Question 6

Nociception is usually the cause of pain BUT often not linearly related to activity of nociceptors - what else is it influenced by?

Answer 6

Expectation, attention and arousal

Question 7

Thermal grill shows that some central pain syndromes may be due to a loss of a pain suppression mechanism

Answer 7

Thermal grill shows that some central pain syndromes may be due to a loss of a pain suppression mechanism

Question 8

Pharm treatment of acute pain:

Answer 8

• Mild to mod: NSAIDS (paracetamol and ibuprofan)

- Moderate to severe: Morphine

Question 9

Pharm treatment of chronic pain (in itself, it is a dissociation between nociception and pain)

Answer 9

• Mild to mod: Gabapentin, Tramadol (has opioid and antidepressant actions)
• Mod to severe: Morphine and relatives

Question 10

Crossing over at the nociceptive pathway occurs at the?

Answer 10

Spinal cord

Question 11

Name one way humans can dissociated nociception of pain - can pain be exp without any peripheral activation?

Answer 11

Empathetic pain - nothing to do with your own body

Question 12

What brain regions are activated when watching a loved one in pain?

Answer 12

Activation of cingulate, insula and prefrontal regions BUT not somatosensory regions (suggests that somatosensory cortex confers sensory dimension of the pain exp rather than the affective dimension)

Question 13

T/F: Cerebellum is involved in pain

Answer 13

T

Question 14

Empathetic peak activation of insula and cingulate correlated with subjects score on empathy inventories (surveys)

Answer 14

Empathetic peak activation of insula and cingulate correlated with subjects score on empathy inventories (surveys)

Question 15

Endogenous opioids have a specific a.acid sequence they begin with - what is it?

Answer 15

Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe

Question 16

If you are a chronic pain sufferer and your partner tells you to get over it - how will it affect the pain you exp?

Answer 16

It will decreased pain in the SDH (Superficial Dorsal Horn)

Question 17

You don’t wait for pain to activate the whole matrix, you stop it pre-emptively via descending inhibitory inputs

Answer 17

You don’t wait for pain to activate the whole matrix, you stop it pre-emptively via descending inhibitory inputs