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Nutrition & the ageing body > L15: skin & ageing > Flashcards

L15: skin & ageing Flashcards

1
Q

Does the epidermis contain blood vessels?

A

No

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2
Q

What can and cannot be found in the dermis?

A

Dermis = no fat, but nerve cells, veins, glands, hair follicle

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3
Q

Where is the basal layer located?

A

between epidermis and dermis

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4
Q

Effects on skin ageing?

A
  • Dry
  • Thinning
  • Wrinkling
  • Sagging
  • Uneven skin (age spots)
  • Hair loss
  • Hair greying
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5
Q

What are the underlying structural changes due to ageing in the skin?

A

weaker dermal skin fibrous structures (collagen, elastin, intergrins)
Cel morphology changes

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6
Q

What are some of the most important skin diseases?

A

acne (oil used by inflammatory pathogens), psoriasis, lupus, skin cancer, herpes etc

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7
Q

What are the functions of sebum and sweat? What are their components?

A

Sebum: Avoiding moisture loss, improvement of barrier (triglycerides, wax, squalene)
Sweat: Thermoregulation (water, lactate, sodium, minerals)

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8
Q

Microbial communities on the skin are relatively changing over time
true/false

A

false, relatively stable

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9
Q

Skin-gut axis: what are similarities between both organs?

A
  • large surface areas exposed to the external milieu
  • epithelia with high turnover and highly active immune systems
  • Microbial dysbiosis creates impaired epithelial barrier function and can result in IBD in gut and psoriasis in skin
  • Gluten sensitivity may influence both gut (IBD) and skin (Dermatitis)
  • Food allergies have a strong relationship with atopic dermatitis (eczeem)
  • Gut health is essential for skin health
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10
Q

What is a common pathogen, that is common on our skin and mainly causes eczema (atopic dermatitis)?

A

S. aureus. its presence is a significant risk factor for subsequent infection

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11
Q

How does S. aureus cause eczema?

A

due to impairment of the skin barrier and immune function

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12
Q

Dysbiosis of the microbiota can lead to ..

A

acne (C acnes), eczema and chronic wounds

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13
Q

What are genetic influencers for skin ageing?

A

Intrinsic ageing:
-Collagen, elastin, integrin expression reduced
- Cellular senescence

Skin colour:
- sensitivity to UV (wrinkles, melanome)

Hormonal (puberty, menopause)
- sagging
- hair loss
- skin atrophy

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13
Q

What are genetic influencers for skin ageing?

A

Intrinsic ageing:
-Collagen, elastin, integrin expression reduced
- Cellular senescence

Skin colour:
- sensitivity to UV (wrinkles, melanome)

Hormonal (puberty, menopause)
- sagging
- hair loss
- skin atrophy

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14
Q

In women, poor agers tend to be rated ‘….’ than good agers

A

less feminine

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15
Q

Perceived age genetics is between … and .. %

A

55-60%

16
Q

Higher perceived age is correlated with..

A

– Lower grip strength
– Poorer cognitive scores (MMSE)
– Shorter telomere length
(Scores were corrected for age and sex)

Overall, mortality. * Looking old for your age is an indicator for poor health.

17
Q

It is better to be a year older than to look a year older (true/false)

A

true

18
Q

True/false:
Perceived age, is not a validated, independent marker of chronological age

A

false

19
Q

Perceived age = stronger predictor than chron. Age for risk of …

A
  • COPD
  • Osteoporosis
  • Hearing loss
  • Cataracts
20
Q

Mechanistic cellular players and effects in photo-ageing?

A
  • Release of Inflammatory mediators
  • activation of the HPA axis mediators (e.g. cortisol)
  • accumulation of AGEs
  • telomere shortening
  • Epigenetically acting micro RNA’s
21
Q

Smokers turn grey and bald way faster. Have nearly 2 years perceived age difference
Fruits & vegs every day = 2 years younger

A

ok

22
Q

what else increases perceived age?

A

Dysregulation of glucose metabolism

Less glucose metabolism control results in premature skin ageing
-> This may be due to higher skin Advanced Glycation End product levels or enhanced senescence of skin fibroblasts
(diabetes)

23
Q

Diets for better skin condition:

A

high in vit C and linoleic acid (PUFA)
Lower fat and carbohydrate levels

24
Q

healthy diet = less wrinkling
is this true?

A

yes

25
Q

Adults aged >45 years who consumed foods with 1 capacity experienced approximately 2% less photoaging over 15 years

A

1 high anti-oxidant
10

26
Q

Skin health diets components:

A
  • fruit & veg
  • fermented dairy
  • oily fish/omega-3
  • extra virgin olive oil
  • nuts&seeds
  • some herbs
  • pre-probiotics
    -protein
27
Q

Avoid development of AGEs with avoiding..

A
  • high GI substances
  • high glucose and fructose foods
  • avoid ‘fast food’
28
Q

Oral supplements in addition to healthy diet include

A

> probiotics
Heliocare
Vitamins
Minerals

Nutrition & the ageing body (15 decks)

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