L15: skin & ageing Flashcards
Does the epidermis contain blood vessels?
No
What can and cannot be found in the dermis?
Dermis = no fat, but nerve cells, veins, glands, hair follicle
Where is the basal layer located?
between epidermis and dermis
Effects on skin ageing?
- Dry
- Thinning
- Wrinkling
- Sagging
- Uneven skin (age spots)
- Hair loss
- Hair greying
What are the underlying structural changes due to ageing in the skin?
weaker dermal skin fibrous structures (collagen, elastin, intergrins)
Cel morphology changes
What are some of the most important skin diseases?
acne (oil used by inflammatory pathogens), psoriasis, lupus, skin cancer, herpes etc
What are the functions of sebum and sweat? What are their components?
Sebum: Avoiding moisture loss, improvement of barrier (triglycerides, wax, squalene)
Sweat: Thermoregulation (water, lactate, sodium, minerals)
Microbial communities on the skin are relatively changing over time
true/false
false, relatively stable
Skin-gut axis: what are similarities between both organs?
- large surface areas exposed to the external milieu
- epithelia with high turnover and highly active immune systems
- Microbial dysbiosis creates impaired epithelial barrier function and can result in IBD in gut and psoriasis in skin
- Gluten sensitivity may influence both gut (IBD) and skin (Dermatitis)
- Food allergies have a strong relationship with atopic dermatitis (eczeem)
- Gut health is essential for skin health
What is a common pathogen, that is common on our skin and mainly causes eczema (atopic dermatitis)?
S. aureus. its presence is a significant risk factor for subsequent infection
How does S. aureus cause eczema?
due to impairment of the skin barrier and immune function
Dysbiosis of the microbiota can lead to ..
acne (C acnes), eczema and chronic wounds
What are genetic influencers for skin ageing?
Intrinsic ageing:
-Collagen, elastin, integrin expression reduced
- Cellular senescence
Skin colour:
- sensitivity to UV (wrinkles, melanome)
Hormonal (puberty, menopause)
- sagging
- hair loss
- skin atrophy
What are genetic influencers for skin ageing?
Intrinsic ageing:
-Collagen, elastin, integrin expression reduced
- Cellular senescence
Skin colour:
- sensitivity to UV (wrinkles, melanome)
Hormonal (puberty, menopause)
- sagging
- hair loss
- skin atrophy
In women, poor agers tend to be rated ‘….’ than good agers
less feminine
Perceived age genetics is between … and .. %
55-60%
Higher perceived age is correlated with..
– Lower grip strength
– Poorer cognitive scores (MMSE)
– Shorter telomere length
(Scores were corrected for age and sex)
Overall, mortality. * Looking old for your age is an indicator for poor health.
It is better to be a year older than to look a year older (true/false)
true
True/false:
Perceived age, is not a validated, independent marker of chronological age
false
Perceived age = stronger predictor than chron. Age for risk of …
- COPD
- Osteoporosis
- Hearing loss
- Cataracts
Mechanistic cellular players and effects in photo-ageing?
- Release of Inflammatory mediators
- activation of the HPA axis mediators (e.g. cortisol)
- accumulation of AGEs
- telomere shortening
- Epigenetically acting micro RNA’s
Smokers turn grey and bald way faster. Have nearly 2 years perceived age difference
Fruits & vegs every day = 2 years younger
ok
what else increases perceived age?
Dysregulation of glucose metabolism
Less glucose metabolism control results in premature skin ageing
-> This may be due to higher skin Advanced Glycation End product levels or enhanced senescence of skin fibroblasts
(diabetes)
Diets for better skin condition:
high in vit C and linoleic acid (PUFA)
Lower fat and carbohydrate levels
healthy diet = less wrinkling
is this true?
yes
Adults aged >45 years who consumed foods with 1 capacity experienced approximately 2% less photoaging over 15 years
1 high anti-oxidant
10
Skin health diets components:
- fruit & veg
- fermented dairy
- oily fish/omega-3
- extra virgin olive oil
- nuts&seeds
- some herbs
- pre-probiotics
-protein
Avoid development of AGEs with avoiding..
- high GI substances
- high glucose and fructose foods
- avoid ‘fast food’
Oral supplements in addition to healthy diet include
> probiotics
Heliocare
Vitamins
Minerals
