L15: Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition

Question 1

Three main situations EMT occurs?

Answer 1

1. Development
2. Wound healing
3. Cancer metastasis

Question 2

What are some transcriptional factors that induce EMT?

Answer 2

• Snail1
• Snail2 (Slug)
• Twist

Question 3

Which (groups) types of protein is abundant during EMT?

Answer 3

Mesenchymal marker

Question 4

Which (groups) types of protein decrease during EMT?

Answer 4

cell-cell & cell-ECM adhesion proteins

Question 5

What are some mesenchymal markers that become abundant during EMT?

Answer 5

• integrin A5B6
• fibronectin
• MMP

Question 6

What are some proteins that that become less abundant during EMT?

Answer 6

• E-cadherins
• Desmoplaktins
• Occludins
• Cytokertain

Question 7

Which protein is shown to regulate EMT proteins?

Answer 7

Twist, Snail

Question 8

Cytokeratins are replaced with which protein?

Answer 8

Vimentin

Question 9

E-cadherins are replaced with which protein?

Answer 9

N-cadherins

Question 10

What are the 5 steps in EMT?

Answer 10

1. Cell commitment - apical constriction
2. Down-regulation of epithelial markers
3. loss of cell polarity - cadherin switch
4. Cell migration from epithelial
5. Cryptokeratin to vimentin

Question 11

Which type of junctions decide cell polarity?

Answer 11

Tight junction

Question 12

Characteristic cell movement in wound healing

Answer 12

1. leading cells protrudes

2. follower cells are dragged

Question 13

Does cancer use EMT, MET or both?

Answer 13

Both. EMT to enter blood stream and MET to reenter tissue during metastasis

Question 14

Do cancer cells EMT individually or in group?

Answer 14

Traditionally thought to be individually. But possibly in groups.

Question 15

Which three components are needed for EMT?

Answer 15

1. Receptor tyrosine kinase
2. Integrin a2ß1
3. TGF ß

Question 16

Does RTK inhibit TGFß activity?

Answer 16

Yes. Only when blocking apoptosis.

Question 17

Which protein is responsible for crosslinking collagen?

Answer 17

LOX

Question 18

Is it the stiffness from LOX or simply amount of collagen that controls cell migration?

Answer 18

the stiffness

Question 19

Which protein is transported to nucleus in a stiff ECM?

Answer 19

YAP

Question 20

What does YAP assist in?

Answer 20

stem cell differentiation and EMT

Question 21

Which complex transfers force from lamina and chromatin?

Answer 21

LINC complex

Question 22

Why does stuff ECM promote transportation of YAP?

Answer 22

Force stretches the nucleus and opens the pore for more YAP transport

Question 23

Which pathways enable Snail?

Answer 23

RTK, wnt, TGFß

Question 24

What are two main parts of Snail?

Answer 24

Zinc fingers and SNAG

Question 25

What is the purpose of Snail's SNAG domain?

Answer 25

to recruit HDAC

Question 26

What is the purpose of Snail's zinc finger?

Answer 26

Recognize the sequence in promoter for E-Cadherin

Question 27

HADC reverses the action of which protein?

Answer 27

HAC

Question 28

Does snail stabilize or unstabilize the DNA?

Answer 28

It stabalizes it making it less like to transcribe