L15: Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition Flashcards
Three main situations EMT occurs?
- Development
- Wound healing
- Cancer metastasis
What are some transcriptional factors that induce EMT?
- Snail1
- Snail2 (Slug)
- Twist
Which (groups) types of protein is abundant during EMT?
Mesenchymal marker
Which (groups) types of protein decrease during EMT?
cell-cell & cell-ECM adhesion proteins
What are some mesenchymal markers that become abundant during EMT?
- integrin A5B6
- fibronectin
- MMP
What are some proteins that that become less abundant during EMT?
- E-cadherins
- Desmoplaktins
- Occludins
- Cytokertain
Which protein is shown to regulate EMT proteins?
Twist, Snail
Cytokeratins are replaced with which protein?
Vimentin
E-cadherins are replaced with which protein?
N-cadherins
What are the 5 steps in EMT?
- Cell commitment - apical constriction
- Down-regulation of epithelial markers
- loss of cell polarity - cadherin switch
- Cell migration from epithelial
- Cryptokeratin to vimentin
Which type of junctions decide cell polarity?
Tight junction
Characteristic cell movement in wound healing
- leading cells protrudes
2. follower cells are dragged
Does cancer use EMT, MET or both?
Both. EMT to enter blood stream and MET to reenter tissue during metastasis
Do cancer cells EMT individually or in group?
Traditionally thought to be individually. But possibly in groups.
Which three components are needed for EMT?
- Receptor tyrosine kinase
- Integrin a2ß1
- TGF ß
Does RTK inhibit TGFß activity?
Yes. Only when blocking apoptosis.
Which protein is responsible for crosslinking collagen?
LOX
Is it the stiffness from LOX or simply amount of collagen that controls cell migration?
the stiffness
Which protein is transported to nucleus in a stiff ECM?
YAP
What does YAP assist in?
stem cell differentiation and EMT
Which complex transfers force from lamina and chromatin?
LINC complex
Why does stuff ECM promote transportation of YAP?
Force stretches the nucleus and opens the pore for more YAP transport
Which pathways enable Snail?
RTK, wnt, TGFß
What are two main parts of Snail?
Zinc fingers and SNAG
What is the purpose of Snail’s SNAG domain?
to recruit HDAC
What is the purpose of Snail’s zinc finger?
Recognize the sequence in promoter for E-Cadherin
HADC reverses the action of which protein?
HAC
Does snail stabilize or unstabilize the DNA?
It stabalizes it making it less like to transcribe
