L15/16 Lab

Question 1

What is a common element that many models of group development try to explain?

Answer 1

why it takes time for a group to become productive

Question 2

What are the 3 categories that models of group development fall under?

Answer 2

• those which seek to explain the stages of development of group processes
  (e. g. Tuckman 5 stage ‘orming’ model)
• those based on the project functions being carried out by the team
• those which see group development occurring in repeated cycles rather than stages

Question 3

What are two well known cyclical models?

Answer 3

• Bales’ equilibrium model

- Schutz’s FIRO-B model

Question 4

Bales’ equilibrium model views groups as:

Answer 4

balancing the needs for task completion with relationship development. Groups oscillate between these two concerns depending on the needs of the members.

Question 5

Schutz’s FIRO-B model argues that:

Answer 5

the predominant focus of group interaction begins with inclusion, and is folled by issues of control and then affection.
This cycle may be repeated. The phases are not distinct, they reflect an emphasis of interaction

Question 6

Stage models of team development are based on:

Answer 6

group processes.

These models are typically 4 or 5 stage models

Question 7

Compare Tuckman and Jensen’s 5-stage ‘orming’ model with Susan Wheelan’s model:

Answer 7

forming ---- dependency and inclusion
storming ---- counter-dependency and fight
norming ---- trust and structure
performing ---- work
adjourning ---- termination

Question 8

Characteristics of a ‘Forming’ group

Answer 8

1. concern for acceptance and inclusion, fear rejection
2. communication is tentative
3. members look for directive leadership
4. goals are not clear, but clarity is not sought
5. compliance is high, conflict is low

Question 9

Characteristics of a ‘Storming’ group

Answer 9

1. Increased member participation
2. dissent over goals, roles and tasks
3. leader challenged as status relationships form
4. clarification of goals and roles
5. decreased conformity
6. conflict management bring group together

Question 10

Characteristics of a ‘Norming’ group

Answer 10

1. increased goal clarity and consensus
2. roles adjusted to achieve goals
3. leader becomes more consultative
4. cohesion and trust increase
5. conflict management more effective
6. individual commitment to task is high
7. pressure to conform increases

Question 11

Characteristics of a ‘Performing’ group

Answer 11

1. clear about goals and roles. Leadership is delegated or shared
2. Open communication and good feedback
3. Voluntary conformity is high, norm encourages high performance. The group expects success.
4. highly cohesive and interpersonal attraction is high. Conflict is frequent but brief
5. High productive, and balance of task and socio-emotional behaviour

Question 12

Characteristics of an ‘Adjourning’ group

Answer 12

1. Work activity levels begin to vary significantly
2. Problematic issues may be ignored
3. mixed feelings in the group
4. members may discuss continuing the group beyond its designated end
5. the group’s ability to manage conflict diminishes

Question 13

Leadership through the forming stage:

Answer 13

• confident and directive team leader
• reduce members’ fears and anxieties
• facilitate discussion of team goals
• manage external environment

Question 14

Leadership through the storming stage:

Answer 14

• empower other members as they participate more
• don’t take challenges personally
• show good conflict management

Question 15

Leadership through the norming stage:

Answer 15

• involve members in the leadership of the group
• clarify roles, share responsibility evenly, praise efforts, improve process (e.g. meetings, problem solving, decision making)

Question 16

Leadership through the performing stage:

Answer 16

• participate as an expert member of the team
• encourage trust and openness
• maintain focus on the task
• review performance

Question 17

What do we want to accomplish in group development?

Answer 17

• performance
• member satisfaction
• team learning
• outsider satisfaction

Question 18

How can we organise groups to meet goals

Answer 18

• creating a work structure
• specify roles
• norms

Question 19

Creating a work structure requires:

Answer 19

Moving from goals to work that needs to be done to achieve those goals.
Once the work has been identifies, the team decides how it will organise itself to do the work.

Question 20

Using norms to organise groups requires:

Answer 20

• expectations of acceptable behaviour

- unwritten rules enforce by team members

Question 21

What are types of norms that cause the most disruption to team behaviour?

Answer 21

Meeting , working , communication , leadership, and consideration norms.

Question 22

What are the main uses of the Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) personality test?

Answer 22

• organisational development
• education
• career counselling
• counselling and psychotherapy

Question 23

What are the 4 sets of preferences that influence how people behave?

Answer 23

Source and use their energy
- Extraversion – Introversion

Gather and take in information
- Sensing – Intuition

Make decisions about what they have perceived
- Thinking – Feeling

Organise their lives
- Judging – Percieving