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PHYSIO EXAM 2 > L14 Intro/overview Circulation > Flashcards

L14 Intro/overview Circulation Flashcards

1
Q

Components of cardiovascular system

A

Muscular pump = heart (cardio)

Fluid = blood

Conduits = blood vessels

Together = cardiovascular system

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2
Q

What’s blood?

A

Plasma (55%)

Buffy coat (<1%)
Leukocytes
Platelets

Erythrocytes (45%)
RBCs

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3
Q

Main functions cardiovascular system

A
  1. Gas transport: deliver O2 to tissues and return CO2 to lungs
  2. Deliver nutrients to active cells or storage sites
  3. Transport hormones
  4. Help reg body temp
  5. Stabilize pH
  6. Contain cells that fight infection
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4
Q

Why constant need to transport gases around body?

A

Constant need for energy around body

ATP not stored, must be produced in cells continuously by oxidation of metabolic fuels
Glucose to ATP, use O2

Remove CO2 because it generate H+ and can influence pH

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5
Q

Arterial blood pH

A

7.45

Cannot survive long w/ pH <6.8 or >8.0

CV, respiratory, and renal systems work together to maintain pH

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6
Q

Acidosis

A

Denature metabolic enzymes and ion channels

Decrease CNS function can lead to coma, death

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7
Q

Alkalosis

A

Neurons to hyperexcitable

Tingling, fasciculation, paralysis of respiratory muscles

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8
Q

Heart double pump systems

A

Serves two circuits / vascular loops

Pulmonary circulation

Systemic circulation

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9
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

Right side (RV) pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs and back to the heart

Right
Deoxygenated

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10
Q

Systemic circulation

A

Left side (LV) pumps oxygenated blood to the periphery and back to right side

Left
Oxygenated

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11
Q

Cardiac input (CO) =

A

Venous return (VR)

Heart rate (HR) x stroke volume (SV)

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12
Q

Heart chambers

A

Right atrium (RA) : receives blood from vena cava

Left atrium (LA) : receives from lungs

Right ventricle (RV) : ejects blood into pulmonary circuit

Left ventricle (LV) : ejects blood into the systemic circuit

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13
Q

Heart valves

A

Tricuspid and mitral valves: btw atrium and ventricles, prevent backflow into atria when ventricles contract

Pulmonary and aortic valves: btw ventricle and blood vessels, prevent backflow into ventricles when ventricles relax

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14
Q

Tricuspid valve

A

Right AV valve

Three flaps

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15
Q

Mitral bicuspid valve

A

Left AV valve

Two flaps

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16
Q

Pulmonary semilunar valve

A

Btw right ventricular and pulmonary artery

Semilunar flap

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17
Q

Aortic semilunar valve

A

Btw left ventricle and aorta

Semilunar flap

18
Q

Systole

A

Heart muscles contract

19
Q

Dyastole

A

Heart muscle relax

Dilation goes to relaxation (to remember)

20
Q

How does the heart get it’s own blood supply?

A

Right coronary artery

Left coronary artery

Coronary sinus

21
Q

Coronary arteries

A

Supply blood to the myocardium and other components of the heart

Originate from left side of the heart at the beginning (root) of aorta

22
Q

Most myocardial perfusion occurs during

A

Diastole

Heart regulates coronary vasodilation or vasoconstriction based upon the hearts oxygen demand

Coronary circulation possesses unique pharmacological characteristics and reactivity to adrenergic stimulation

23
Q

Blood vessel features

A

Arteries contain more smooth muscle and elastic fibers (radius proportional to flow, recoil and descent- absorb pressure)

Veins contain valves to prevent backflow which enhances venous return (less elasticity, more collagen for holding volume)

24
Q

Diameter of blood vessels

A

Largest - aorta

Smallest- capillaries (1 layer of epithelium for O2 exchange)

25
Q

What drives blood flow through the rest of body?

A

Pressure

26
Q

What’s blood pressure (P)?

A

Hydrostatic (fluid) pressure

Force of blood exerted against walls of vessels

What determines movement of blood throughout system

27
Q

What is blood flow (F)?

A

Volume of blood flowing through a structure per unit time (ml/min)

High P to low P

28
Q

What’s resistance (R)?

A

Opposition to blood flow through a vessel

Wide less R
Narrow more R

29
Q

Pressure profile in the vasculature

A

Aorta to large arteries , practically no change. Stressed volume

largest drop in arterioles (no elastin, larger cross sectional area)

Veins very low. Unstressed volume

Highest point systole
Lowest point diastole

30
Q

Pressure profiles btw systemic and pulmonary circulations

A

Pulmonary RV-25/0 RA-2
Less distance to travel
Less resistance
Stressed to unstressed but on much smaller scale

Systemic LV- 120/0 LA- 5 
  Drastic distance 
  More resistance 
  Left ventricle wall much thicker 
  Stressed to unstressed

For both largest drop in pressure is at level at arterioles

31
Q

What determines flow?

A

Flow= deltaP/R

Flow btw high pressure point to low pressure point is proportional to pressure difference

Resistance relies on area

32
Q

What affects velocity of blood flow?

A

v=Q/A
A=pier^2

Flow=Q

To maintain flow btw diff crossectional area velocity has to change

Smaller area - larger velocity (aorta)
Larger area - smaller velocity (capillaries) (to be able to exchange

33
Q

Blood flow rate is

A

Identical through all levels

Velocity of flow is inversely proportional to total cross-sectional area

Velocity of flow is slowest in capillaries

34
Q

Distribution of blood (percentage) in different parts of the circulatory body

A

System circulation: 84%
Heart:7%
Pulmonary circulation: 9%

Veins, venules: 64% (collagen, hold volume)
Arteries: 13%
Arterioles and capillaries: 7%

35
Q

Arteries

A

Conduit vessels

36
Q

Capillaries

A

Exchange vessels

37
Q

Veins

A

Capacitance vessels

38
Q

Does blood travel through multiple capillary beds or organs during a single trip around the body?

A

No because wouldn’t get O2 to all tissues/organs

39
Q

Parallel and series arrangement of the vessels composing the circulatory system

A

Vascular beds in parallel- arteries/ veins

Components of circulatory system in series - LA, LV, aorta, vena cava, RA, RV, pulmonary artery, lungs , pulmonary vein

40
Q

How does blood flow change during exercise?

A

Skeletal muscle increases 1066%

Heart increases 367%

Skin increases 370%

Digestive tract decreases 56%

41
Q

Alpha 1 receptor type

A

All arteriolar smooth muscle except brain

Vasoconstriction

42
Q

Beta 2 receptor type

A

Arteriolar snooth muscle in the heart and skeletal muscles

Vasodilation

PHYSIO EXAM 2 (5 decks)

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