l14 : impact of digital communication - cultural defence & glocalisation

Question 1

what is cultural defence?

Answer 1

number of ways in which societies and cultures have attempted to protect domestic media and local culture from globalised culture

Question 2

why has cultural defence happened?

Answer 2

concerns over cultural homogenisation since much of the internet is written in english. local cultures protect and promote their culture

Question 3

why does mohammadi argue that cultural homogenisation is not occuring?

Answer 3

simple image of western media and cultural domination is exaggerated and ignores complex interactions occurring between different cultures, leading to cultural hybridity. ignores the positives of integrating and hybridising cultures

Question 4

why does giddens argue that cultural homogenisation is not occurring?

Answer 4

process of reverse colonisation is happening whereby poorer culture is taking over a richer culture.

Question 5

what is an example of reverse colonisation?

Answer 5

mexicanisation of california. mexican food, dress and music has become very popular, despite it being a less powerful culture

Question 6

why do croteau and hoynes argue that cultural homogenisation is not occurring?

Answer 6

dc companies have been forced to consider local practices and their local audiences, and adapt accordingly in order to generate profit. business is tailored toward the local culture so cultural homogenisation is not happening. eg. kfc introducing veggie burgers in india

Question 7

give the positive evaluation points of cultural defence.

Answer 7

• maintains country’s individuality in terms of culture, globalisation doesnt affect country since country are able to retain trad n&v
• evidence of reverse colonisation can be seen in real life. eg. mexicanisation

Question 8

give the negative points of cultural defence.

Answer 8

• can be used to defend extremist, controversial or morally negative viewpoints, not allowing citizens to know about practices outside of own country eg. great firewall of china (blocking citizens from using wikipedia or googling democracy)

Question 9

what is glocalisation?

Answer 9

how local culture is fused with globalised culture products to produce unique cultural forms. can refer to how local cultures adapt and use global social networks which prioritise culture.

Question 10

what are the two elements of glocalisation by martell?

Answer 10

1) western media produces culturally adapted products to local culture eg. mtv shows programmes according to cultural likes and dislikes. mexico, japan - western music mixed with local music
2) local cultures can select appropriate elements of western global culture that they like. can modify and adapt it to local culture “localise the global” to make hybridised popular culture eg. bollywood which combines western ideas with trad hindu myth, history and culture

Question 11

what were miller’s finding about his glocalisation study in trinidad and london?

Answer 11

• facebook in trini is diff to facebook in london
• used diff based on cultural priorities
• called “fasbook” or “macobook” in trini
• “to be fas” means to get to know someone very quickly
• “maco” means to be nosy and prying into others business
• trini facebook is geared towards getting to know opposite sex, becoming friends and meddling in their life
• fasbook example of glocalisation where western ideas of dc are used to reflect local culture

Question 12

give the positive point of glocalisation.

Answer 12

• held supports idea of flow of dc not being one way. western culture can be enriched by inputs from popular culture in less significant cultures. eg. drake works with african and arab musicians to make new genres of music