L.14 Cell Diversity

Question 1

LO

Answer 1

• Describe the theories on cell evolution
• Distinguish between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
• Describe the composition of lipid bilayer cell membranes
• Explain the roles of compartmentalisation in
  cellular function

Question 2

Animal cell organelles

Answer 2

[heft]
- Vacuole
- Ribosomes
- Rough ER
- Smooth ER
- Mitochondria
- Membrane
- Lysosome
- Nuclear membrane
- Nucleus
- Nuclei
- Cytoplasm
- Golgi apparatus
- Golgi vesicle
- Centrioles

Question 3

Roles of organelles

Answer 3

TO DO

Question 4

Prokaryotic Cells characteristics

Answer 4

• Uni cellular organisms
• No membrane enclosed nucleus
• Some form colony to build an organism, supporting cell theory
  ~~~

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• Reproduce by inserting pili into another and diffuse DNA containing plasmids into other bacteria
• Capsule made from polysaccharides
• Cell wall Made from peptidoglycan
• Cell membrane Plasma bilayer
• Chromosomes Floats in cytoplasm

Question 5

Types of Prokarytotes

Answer 5

Bacteria
- peptidoglycan = major constituent of cell wall

Archaea
- Live in extreme conditions
- NO peptidoglycan as major constituent

Question 6

Types of Eukaryotes

Answer 6

• Protists (single celled eukaryotes)
• Fungi
• Plants
• Animals

Question 7

The 6 Kingdoms

Answer 7

Prokaryota:
- Bacteria
- Archaea

Eukaryota:
- Plants
- Animals
- Fungi
- Protists

Question 8

Plasma Membrane

Answer 8

• All cells contain a plasma membrane
• Made up of phospholipid bilayer with proteins and cholesterol
• Amphipathic (hydrophobic & hydrophilic)
• Allows for compartmentalisation
• Cholesterol stabilizes it

[heft]
Phosphate + 3 Carbon + 3 fatty acid chains

Question 9

Cholesterol

Answer 9

[heft]
Stiffens the area of the plasma membrane, making it less fluid

OH group attached to 5’ on Hexagon, Hexagon to right, Hexagon upper right, Pentagon to right, side chain on top of pentagon

Side chain =
vvv
l \

Question 10

Barriers (Compartmentalization)

Answer 10

• Imnportant as only 1 membrane would have no structure and everything inside the cell would mix and potentially destroy each other
• Compartmentalization evolved with cells over time, allowing organelles to form
• Creates different environments inside the cell

Question 11

Evolution of the Nucleus

Answer 11

• [heft]
• ## theories of evolution

Question 12

Evolution of mitochondria

Answer 12

[heft]
- theories of evolution

Question 13

Proteins and glycoproteins on membrane

Answer 13

Draw out for practice [heft]

• Glycoprotein
• Integrated protein
• Carbohgydrates
• Cholesterol
• Transmembrane protein
• Glycolipid

Question 14

Animal Vs Plant cells
Function of organelles

Answer 14

[heft]
[search]

Question 15

Plant cell wall

Answer 15

• Made up of cellulose (carbohydrate structure)
• High ridgidity and ability to withstand high psi from H2O
• Gives the square plant cell shape

Question 16

E.g Q.
Describe the flow of information from DNA to protein in the context of the cell

Answer 16

[heft]