L. 19 Microbiology and One Health Flashcards
1
Q
L.O
A
- Define the five major types of microbes (viruses, bacteria, fungi, protists, algae)
- Describe key inventions and ideas in microbiology:
- Microscopy
- Agar plates
- Spontaneous generation
- Germ theory
- Koch’s postulates
- Penicillin
- Discuss difference between normal flora & pathogens
- Explain the concept of ‘One Health’
- Describe one major problematic infectious disease
2
Q
Different microorganisms
A
- Virus
- Bacteria
- Fungi
- Protists
- Algae
3
Q
Viruses
A
- Smallest and simplest entities
- Acellular
- DNA/ RNA in protein shell
- Depend on host cell for replication and metabolism
- Small genome
4
Q
Bacteria
A
- Unicellular
- Prokaryotic
- Smallest cellular organisms
- Binary fission
- Have own metabolism
5
Q
Fungi
A
- Large complex cells, Eukaryotes
- Membrane bound nucleus
- Unicellular = Yeast
- Multicellular = Mushrooms
- Microscopic & macroscopic
6
Q
Protists
A
- Eukaryotes
- “other” type of organism due to diversity
- Membrane bound nucleus
- Heterotrophs anf autotrophs
- Predatory = Protazoa
7
Q
Algae
A
- Euk & prokaryotes
- Photosynthetic
- Complex cellular structures
8
Q
History of cells
A
- Robert Hooke discovered in 1664
- 30x mag (~4x today)
- Came up with ‘cells’
9
Q
History of bacteria and protists
A
- ‘Father of biology’ Antonie in 1684
- 300x (~40x today)
- First evidence of protists and bacteria everywhere
10
Q
Louise Pastuer
A
Swan neck experiment with flask to allow air in but also keep free of organisms
Led to:
- Vaccines
- Fermentation
- Pasteurisation
Proved life does not come from non-life
- Disproved spontaneous generation in 1850s
11
Q
Spontaneous Generation
A
- 1700s John Needham
- Lazzaru Spallanzani supported with repeated experiment with sealed lid. Creating an anaerobic environment.
12
Q
Robert Koch
A
- Staining methods in microscopy
- Germ theory of disease
- Use of agar plates to isolate colonies.
Identified bacteria causing:
- Tuberculosis
- Cholera
- Anthrax
13
Q
Germ theory of disease
A
- 1880s by Robert Koch
- Microbes are the cause of disease
- Koch Postulates went with Pastuers findings.
14
Q
Kochs Postulates
A
4 Steps:
- An organism that causes disease must:
1. Be found in all cases of disease
2. be isolated from host in pure culture
3. Produce same disease in experimental infected host
4. Be re-isolated from experiment host
15
Q
Penecillin
A
- 1928 by Alexander Fleming
- Accidentally found in agar plate that it was killing bacteria
