L137- Pharmaceutical Packaging Flashcards
what are the different types of packaging?
-glass
-barrier function
-blisters
strips
speciality
what are the different pack types?
- primary= direct contact with product
- secondary=surrounds primary packaging
- tertiary= extra material e.g leaflets
why do we need packaging?
Presentation
Protection
Identification/information
Convenience/containment/compliance
why is presentation important for packaging?
- must be professional appearance
- designed to aid correct product selection
why is protection important for packaging?
- Climactic–surroundingatmosphere
- Biological–microbiological(bacteria,yeast,moulds)
- Chemical–interactionsbetweenproductandpack
- Use - professionals and patients – including issues of use/misuse
why is Identification/information important for packaging?
- labelling is possible
- brand identification
why is Convenience/containment/compliance important for packaging?
-ease of use
-size restrictions
• Factorsincreasingprobabilityofmedicinemisuse – More pharmaceutical products available
– Polypharmacy
what needs to be on the packaging
- in English
- batch nuber
- expiry date
- user information if P or GSL
- Amount of product in container
- strength of product
what can be added to the internal packing to absorb moisture?
-desiccants they are silica gel capsules
what are some company requirements for packaging and labelling?
– Brand identity – Company identity – Eye-catching if P or GSL – Low cost – Robust
what are some professional pharmacist requirement for packaging and labelling?
– Easy to distinguish between products and strengths
– Easy to store
– Professional looking
– Robust
how can tamper-proofing occur?
• Primary packaging – requirement for parenterals, foil
seal for creams
• Secondary packaging – perforated seals for boxes
what are the different types of packaging testing?
- sealing
- child resistancy
what are the advantages of using glass?
- Cheap (but more expensive than plastic)
- Easy to produce – various shapes and sizes
- Professional appearance
- Patient acceptability
- Easy to clean and sterilise
- Allows easy inspection of contents
- Good resistance to moisture permeation
what are the disavantages of using glass?
Breakable – fragment release into product
• Some types release alkali into contents • Heavy
– Density > 2g/cm3
what are the advantages of biodegradable polymer?
– Compostable
– Made from rapidly renewable sources
– Production does not involve harmful chemical to humans
– Could have good thermal and mechanical properties
what are the disadvantages of biodegradable polymer?
– Expensive
– Poor gas and water barrier properties – Limitation with regard to stability
what are the advantages of plastic?
– Cheap – Robust – Easy to manufacture – Can be child-resistant or non child-resistant – Can be low density lightweight – Can be heat sealed
what are the disadvantages of plastic?
– Not as inert as type I glass – Quite permeable to moisture and O2 bad for sensitive drugs – Some plastics undergo stress cracking – Heat-sensitive – May hold electrostatic charge – Leakage of plastic additives – Can adsorb some drugs and excipients – Not biodegradable
what is the process of the plastic packaginging single use ampoles?
“Blow-fill-seal” [BFS] technology
– Human-free process
– Used for sterile products
what are the disadvantages of plastic single use ampoles?
– Expensive – Specialist equipment required – Need sterile facilities – Very permeable to moisture and oxygen – Bad for very sensitive drugs
what is the process to make plastic package-blisters?
– Roll of polymer film for base
– Cavities made using heated plate
– Cavities filled with tablets/capsules
– Sealed with lidding foil
