L13

Question 1

Deforestation is monitored by…?

Answer 1

Forest inventories and satellites

Question 2

Where is deforestation fastest?

Answer 2

The tropics (IPCC)

Question 3

Tropical forests account for how much carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems?

Answer 3

25%

Question 4

Deforestation has amassed to an area the size of…?

Answer 4

South Africa over the last 25 years

Question 5

How much of Earth’s land area is used to grow food?

Answer 5

Agriculture

Question 6

What is the primary driver of deforestation in Brazil

Answer 6

Cattle ranching

Question 7

3 Climate feedbacks from deforestation and forest expansion

Answer 7

A. Carbon emissions from deforestation

B. Feedbacks from deforestation mediated via surface energy balance

C. Feedbacks from forest expansion

Question 8

Carbon emissions from deforestation

Answer 8

Decay of felled trees

Disturbance releases soil C

Burning to clear the felled area

Question 9

How much human CO2 emissions is deforestation responsible for?

Answer 9

A 1/3

Question 10

Feedback from deforestation mediated via surface energy balance

Answer 10

Increasing albedo has a cooling effect on land surface

Question 11

Net warming effect of tropical deforestation

Answer 11

Warming and drying

Question 12

How does afforestation with exotic trees degrade savanna ecosystem goods and services?

Answer 12

• Can degrade underground carbon stocks
• can compromise water resources

Question 13

Restoration should target…?

Answer 13

Native grassy ecosystems

Question 14

How to recognise native grassy ecosystems?

Answer 14

intact disturbance regimes
high species diversity
fire adaptations

Question 15

Boreal forest expansion

Answer 15

Forest covers snow, decreasing albedo warms Earths surface

Question 16

Perverse outcomes of forestation efforts

Answer 16

Afforestation of native grassy ecosystems reduces biodiversity, degrades underground carbon stocks and depletes groundwater.

Important to target forestation efforts to degraded rather than native grassy ecosystems.

Forestation at high latitudes could lead to net warming effect via a feedback on surface albedo.