L12: Nanotechnology

Question 1

The science, engineering, and technology carried out at the
nanoscale—typically ??

Answer 1

between 1 and 100 nanometers

Question 2

he coined the word “nanotechnology” in the 1970s

Answer 2

Professor Norio Taniguchi

Question 3

: Nanoscale particles frequently
display quantum behaviors, including distinct optical,
electrical, and magnetic characteristics. Due to limited
electron mobility, gold, which is normally yellow in color,
might appear red or purple at the nanoscale.

Answer 3

Quantum Effects*

Question 4

Nanomaterials are
beneficial in catalysis, medical treatments, and other fields
because of their enhanced reactivity due to their higher
surface area-to-volume ratio. ic.

Answer 4

*Surface Area and Reactivity

Question 5

Tools and Techniques
for Viewing Nanomaterials

Answer 5

1. Electron Microscopes
2. Scanning Tunneling Microscopes (STM) and Atomic Force Microscopes (AFM)

Question 6

produce images that are greatly enlarged and have a far
higher resolution than light microscopes.

Answer 6

Electron Microscopes

Question 7

electron microscopes Invented in the 1930s by

Answer 7

Ernst Ruska and Max Knoll,

Question 8

Developed in the 1980s, these instruments allow researchers to see and work with
individual atoms and molecules, greatly advancing nanotechnology.

Answer 8

Scanning Tunneling Microscopes (STM) and Atomic Force Microscopes (AFM)

Question 9

Two primary methods are used in nanoscale manufacturing:

Answer 9

*Bottom-Up Fabrication
Top-Down Fabrication

Question 10

creates structures from atomic or molecular components.

Answer 10

Bottom-Up Fabrication

Question 11

: This method frequently discards extra material while carving nanoscale materials from larger structures.

Answer 11

Top-Down Fabrication

Question 12

Additional nanomanufacturing techniques include

Answer 12

• Dip-pen lithography
• chemical vapor deposition
• nanoimprint lithography
• molecular beam epitaxy

Question 13

Nanotechnology makes it possible to create items that are strong,
light, and energy-efficient, like:

Answer 13

1. Medical field
2. energy and environment
3. consumer goods

Question 14

Gold nanoparticles are used to treat cancer because they can destroy tumor cells precisely without causing
damage to healthy tissues.

Answer 14

Medical Field

Question 15

Nanomaterials help detect and eliminate contaminants, and high-efficiency batteries and solar cells enhance energy conservation.

Answer 15

Energy and Environment

Question 16

Water-repellent, antibacterial, and scratch resistant coatings are examples of enhanced materials that are used in commonplace products, such as electronic devices and sports equipment.

Answer 16

Consumer Goods

Question 17

To promote nanotechnology development, founded in 2001, has a multibillion dollar budget.

Answer 17

National
Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI)

Question 18

was established by the European Union in 2008.

Answer 18

The European Nanoelectronics Initiative Advisory Council (ENIAC)

Question 19

national programs to advance and finance nanotechnology research are in place in

Answer 19

South Korea, Japan, China, Canada,
Australia, Israel, and other nations.

Question 20

*: Certain nanomaterials’ high reactivity and toxicity might be dangerous and necessitate close observation.

Answer 20

Health and Environmental Safety

Question 21

*: As nanotechnology becomes more widely used, it
has the potential to upend entire industries, rendering old processes outdated, and bring up moral questions about ownership, accessibility, and the allocation
of society benefits.

Answer 21

Economic and Social Impact

Question 22

It makes use of a mechanical probe that gathers information from the surface of a material

Answer 22

Atomic force microscope (AFM)

Question 23

Atomic force microscope (AFM) was first developed by in 1986.

Answer 23

Gerd Binig, Calvin Quate, and Christoph Gerber

Question 24

This special type of microscope enables scientists to view and manipulate nanoscale particles, atoms, and small molecules

Answer 24

Scanning tunneling microscope

Question 25

It refers to scaled-up, reliable, and cost-effective manufacturing of nanoscale materials, structures, devices, and systems.

It also involves research, improvement, and incorporation of processes for the construction of materials.

Answer 25

Nanomanufacturing

Question 26

It manufactures products by building them up from atomic and molecular-scale components. However, this method can be time-consuming.

Scientists and engineers are still in search for effective ways of putting up together molecular components that self-assemble and from the bottom-up to organized structures.

Answer 26

Bottom-up fabrication

Question 27

It trims down large pieces of materials into nanoscale. This process needs larger amounts of materials and discards excess raw materials

Answer 27

Top-down fabrication

Question 28

It is a method in which the tip of an atomic force microscope is “dipped” into a chemical fluid and then utilized to “write” on a surface, like an old-fashioned ink pen onto paper

Answer 28

Dip pen lithography

Question 29

It depicts an approach wherein a set of components join together to mold an organized structure in the absence of an outside direction

Answer 29

Self-assembly

Question 30

It is a procedure wherein chemicals act in response to form very pure, high-performance films.

Answer 30

Chemical vapor deposition

Question 31

It is a means for laying down one-arom-thick layers on a surface.

Answer 31

Atomic layer.epitaxy

Question 31

It is a method of generating nanoscale attributes by “stamping” or “printing” them onto a surface.

Answer 31

Nanoimprint lithography

Question 32

It is one manner for depositing extremely controlled thin films.

Answer 32

Molecular beam epitaxy

Question 33

It is a high-volume practice for constructing nanoscale devices on a toll of ultrathin plastic or metal

Answer 33

Roll-to-roll processing

Question 34

The best-known and most-funded program is the National Nanotechnology Initiative of the United States.

Tire NNI was established in 2001 to coordinate U.S. federal nanotechnology R&D. The NNI budget in 2008 and 2009 were $1.4 billion and $1.5 billion, respectively.

Answer 34

U.S. National Nanotechnology Initiative

Question 35

European Commission
In February 2008, the EC officially launched the European Nanoelectronics Initiative Advisory Council (ENIAC).

Answer 35

European Commission

Question 35

Possible Applications of Nanotechnology in the Philippines (Dayrit, 2005)

Answer 35

1. ICT and semiconductors
2. Health and medicine
3. Energy
4. Food and agriculture
5. Environment

Question 36

Nanotech Roadmap for the Philippines (funded by PCAS- TRD-DOST)

Answer 36

1. ICT and semiconductors
2. Health and biomedical
3. Energy
4. Environment
5. Agriculture and food
6. Health and environmental risk
7. Nano-metrology
8. Education and public awareness