L12: Nanotechnology

Question 1

The science, engineering, and technology carried out at the
nanoscale—typically ??

Answer 1

between 1 and 100 nanometers

Question 2

he coined the word “nanotechnology” in the 1970s

Answer 2

Professor Norio Taniguchi

Question 3

: Nanoscale particles frequently
display quantum behaviors, including distinct optical,
electrical, and magnetic characteristics. Due to limited
electron mobility, gold, which is normally yellow in color,
might appear red or purple at the nanoscale.

Answer 3

Quantum Effects*

Question 4

Nanomaterials are
beneficial in catalysis, medical treatments, and other fields
because of their enhanced reactivity due to their higher
surface area-to-volume ratio. ic.

Answer 4

*Surface Area and Reactivity

Question 5

Tools and Techniques
for Viewing Nanomaterials

Answer 5

1. Electron Microscopes
2. Scanning Tunneling Microscopes (STM) and Atomic Force Microscopes (AFM)

Question 6

produce images that are greatly enlarged and have a far
higher resolution than light microscopes.

Answer 6

Electron Microscopes

Question 7

electron microscopes Invented in the 1930s by

Answer 7

Ernst Ruska and Max Knoll,

Question 8

Developed in the 1980s, these instruments allow researchers to see and work with
individual atoms and molecules, greatly advancing nanotechnology.

Answer 8

Scanning Tunneling Microscopes (STM) and Atomic Force Microscopes (AFM)

Question 9

Two primary methods are used in nanoscale manufacturing:

Answer 9

*Bottom-Up Fabrication
Top-Down Fabrication

Question 10

creates structures from atomic or molecular components.

Answer 10

Bottom-Up Fabrication

Question 11

: This method frequently discards extra material while carving nanoscale materials from larger structures.

Answer 11

Top-Down Fabrication

Question 12

Additional nanomanufacturing techniques include

Answer 12

• Dip-pen lithography
• chemical vapor deposition
• nanoimprint lithography
• molecular beam epitaxy

Question 13

Nanotechnology makes it possible to create items that are strong,
light, and energy-efficient, like:

Answer 13

1. Medical field
2. energy and environment
3. consumer goods

Question 14

Gold nanoparticles are used to treat cancer because they can destroy tumor cells precisely without causing
damage to healthy tissues.

Answer 14

Medical Field

Question 15

Nanomaterials help detect and eliminate contaminants, and high-efficiency batteries and solar cells enhance energy conservation.

Answer 15

Energy and Environment

Question 16

Water-repellent, antibacterial, and scratch resistant coatings are examples of enhanced materials that are used in commonplace products, such as electronic devices and sports equipment.

Answer 16

Consumer Goods

Question 17

To promote nanotechnology development, founded in 2001, has a multibillion dollar budget.

Answer 17

National
Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI)

Question 18

was established by the European Union in 2008.

Answer 18

The European Nanoelectronics Initiative Advisory Council (ENIAC)

Question 19

national programs to advance and finance nanotechnology research are in place in

Answer 19

South Korea, Japan, China, Canada,
Australia, Israel, and other nations.

Question 20

*: Certain nanomaterials’ high reactivity and toxicity might be dangerous and necessitate close observation.

Answer 20

Health and Environmental Safety

Question 21

*: As nanotechnology becomes more widely used, it
has the potential to upend entire industries, rendering old processes outdated, and bring up moral questions about ownership, accessibility, and the allocation
of society benefits.

Answer 21

Economic and Social Impact