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PSYC 100 - Introduction to Psychology > L12: Disorders and Treatment > Flashcards

L12: Disorders and Treatment Flashcards

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1
Q

Normal vs. abnormal

A

Difficult to define.

In psych: Failure of adaptation = abnormal

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2
Q

Definition of disorder

A

Syndromes, or clusters of symptoms, that tend to occur simultaneously. Comprised of deviance, distress, dysfunction, and danger.

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3
Q

Deviance

A

Behaviours, thoughts, and feelings that are not in line with normal or usually accepted standards

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4
Q

Distress

A

Behaviours, thoughts, and feelings that are upsetting and cause pain, suffering and/or sorrow

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5
Q

Dysfunction

A

Behaviours, thoughts, and feelings that are disruptive to one’s regular routine interference with day-to-day functioning

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6
Q

Danger

A

Behaviours, thoughts, and feelings that may lead to harm or injury to self or others

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7
Q

Biopsychosocial model

A

Interactions of a person’s biological makeup, psychological experiences and social environment determine their risk for a psychological disorder

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8
Q

DSM-5

A

Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th edition - 2013)

  • American manual that provides a list of symptoms, with a decision rule on the number of symptoms present for diagnosis
  • Acknowledges the biopsychosocial approach
  • Organized with a lifetime development scheme
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9
Q

Problems with classification systems

A
  • subjective
  • fosters overdiagnosis
  • ignores stigmatization
  • creates illusion of objectivity
  • over-emphasis on separation between disorders
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10
Q

Stigma

A

Disapproval, poor treatment or isolation due to being different. Fueled by lack of information, fear, and discomfort

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11
Q

Anxiety disorders

A
  • Characterized by excessive fear and/or worrying
  • Includes panic disorder, phobias, social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder
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12
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder

A
  • Continuous chronic anxiety and worry that is hard to control and interferes with daily functioning
  • Believe in the benefits of worry
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13
Q

Panic disorder

A
  • unexpected panic attacks
  • followed by worry about additional attacks and avoidance
  • sudden onset of symptoms that reaches a peak within 5-10 mins, then resolves itself quickly
  • if persists longer, anxiety attack
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14
Q

Post-traumatic stress disorder

A
  • intrusive symptoms
  • avoidance of internal feelings & external reminders
  • negative alterations in mood and cognitions
  • alterations in arousal and reactivity
  • minority of people who experience a traumatic experience will develop PTSD
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15
Q

Obsessive compulsive disorder

A

characterized by obsessions and compulsions, although one can be present without the other

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16
Q

Obsessions vs compulsions

A

obsessions - recurrent, unwished for thoughts or images (internal)

compulsions - Repetitions, ritualized behaviours, a person feels unable to control (external)

17
Q

Bipolar disorder

A
  • characterized by mania/ hypomania
  • abnormally elated or irritable mood
  • inflated self-esteem
  • racing thoughts, distractibility
  • divided into bipolar l and ll
18
Q

Depressive disorders

A

characterized by persistent depressed mood and/or lack of interest/pleasure in activities

19
Q

Vulnerability-stress model of depression

A

interactions between individual and vulnerabilities and stress experiences

20
Q

Cognitive habits in depression

A

Rumination: focusing repetitively on the symptoms of distress, possible causes, and consequences of distress
Internal & Global Attribution: Blaming negative events on oneself and believing they will affect everything in one’s life

21
Q

Attributional theory of depression

A

People with depression experience internal, stable global styles: Blaming negative events on oneself and believing they will affect everything in one’s life

22
Q

Schizophrenia

A

characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking, avolition (loss of motivation to take care of oneself), flat affect, and alogia (reduction in speech).

23
Q

Positive psychotic symptoms

A

new symptoms not present before the disorder

24
Q

Negative psychotic symptoms

A

behaviours lost after the disorder

25
Q

Psychoanalysis/psychodynamic therapy

A
  • analyzing unconscious processes through different methods. the goal is to create harmony b/n the 3 components (id, superego & ego)
  • included the analysis of resistance, free association, interpretation, and transference
26
Q

Resistance

A

Avoiding certain ideas. Component of psychodynamic therapy

27
Q

Humanistic/person-centred therapy

A
  • Goal of therapy: increase the insight of the patient
  • Eliminates the hierarchy b/n the therapist & client
  • 3 key ideas:
  • unconditional positive regard
  • empathy
  • congruence
28
Q

Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)

A

changing emotions through thoughts and behaviour. employs cognitive and behavioural techniques. 3 different waves

29
Q

Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT)

A

holding negative thoughts and feelings in mind with acceptance, without clutching onto thoughts

30
Q

Cognitive distortions

A

polarized thinking
mental filtering
overgeneralization
jumping to conclusions
castrophizing
personalization
blaming
labelling
always being right
should statemnts
emotional reasoning
control fallacies

31
Q

Cognitive restructuring

A
  • Restructuring thoughts by providing evidence for and against and replacing original thoughts with an alternative thought
32
Q

Behavioural activation

A

Governs the general tendency towards approach over avoidance

33
Q

Systematic desensitization

A

Periods of relaxation between exposures to feared stimuli

34
Q

Dodo bird effect

A

all forms of psychological therapy are equally effective

35
Q

Common factors between all types of therapies

A
  • client characteristics: + expectancies
  • treatment structure: techniques to explore the inner world. adheres to theory
  • therapist qualities: warm & cultivates hope
  • relationship elements: development of an alliance
  • change processes: acquisition & practice of new behaviours through therapeutic rational

PSYC 100 - Introduction to Psychology (6 decks)

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