L11 Participatory research Flashcards
What is the difference between participatory (action) research and ethnography?
Participatory (action) research = transforming the world
Ethnography = understanding the world
What is ethnography, and what are the ‘emic’ and ‘etic’ perspective?
A research approach that has traditionally been used to understand different cultures
Emic = folk / inside–> how members of a given culture perceive their world
Etic = analytic / outside–> how non-members of a group interpret behaviour of a given culture
What are the steps in the process of ethnographic data gathering? How can you collect data?
- Selecting field
- Gaining access
- Gaining informed consent
- Data collection
- Getting out
–> Interviews, document analysis, (participant) observations
Connect:
- Overt observation + non-participant observation
- Non-participant observation + covert observation
- Covert observation + participant observation
- Participant observation + overt observation
a. Announced participant
b. Announced observer
c. Undercover participant
d. Undercover observer
- Overt observation + non-participant observation
b. Announced observer - Non-participant observation + covert observation
d. Undercover observer - Covert observation + participant observation
c. Undercover participant - Participant observation + overt observation
a. Announced participant
What is action research?
To bring together action and reflection, theory and practice, in participation with other, in persuit of practical solutions to issues of pressing concern to people, and more generally the flourishing of individual persons and their communities.
What is participatory research?
Research (or decision making) should be carried out in collaboration ‘with’ the public rather than ‘to’, ‘about’, or ‘for’ them
Participatory vs Action vs Research?
PAR:
Participatory
- Collaboration through participation
Action
- Change - real life experience
- Evidence in terms of different outcomes
Research
- New knowledge
- Documented lessons
What are arguments for participation in research?
Normative argument
- Nothing about us without us
Instrumental argument
- Better exeptance of its outcomes
Substansive argument
- Increased quality and relevance
What are degrees of citizens participation?
- Varied range of relationship
- Varied range of approaches
- Tokenism–> create impression of social inclusiveness and diversity
What is Smit’s (2012) Horizontal participation ladder?
< Research subject - informant - advisor - reviewer / commentator - co-researcher (from interviewer to patient partner) - commissioner / initiator / driving force >
What are the underpinning values of participatory action research?
- Equality and inclusion
- Democratic participation
- Active learning
- Making a difference
- Collective action
- Personal integrity
- Mutual respect
What are common methods for (participatory) action research?
- Interviews and focus groups
- Participant observations, photovoice, participatory video-vlogging
What common research themes is photo voice used for, and why?
Common research themes
- Community concerns
- Social issues
- Health barriers
Why?
- Gives insight in real struggles
- Photos including narratives promotes dialogues for change
Why would you use vlogging?
= Based on participatory video
Promises
- Facilitate shared learning
- Reaching wider audience
- Entertaining / fun - not scripted
- Quick and cheap
- Suitable for people with low literacy
Facilitate engagement
- Eager to participate
- Veryone could have his / her own role
Shared learning and reflection
- Shared learning
- Understanding and empathy as catalyst for change
What ethical issues should you keep in mind?
- Assurance inclusivity
- Anonymity
- Confidentiality
- Hierarchical power: what’s in it for them?
