L11

Question 1

fermentation

Answer 1

pyruvate (pyruvate decarboxylase + TPP + Mg2+) -> acetaldehyde (alcohol dehydrogenase + NADH + H+) -> ethanol (NAD+)

Question 2

Anaerobic glycolysis

Answer 2

Pyruvate (lactate dehydrogenase) -> L-lactate

Question 3

Lactate dehydrogenase plays an important role in

Answer 3

generating NAD+ for step 6

Question 4

Cori cycle

Answer 4

LIVER: gluconeogenesis 6ATP in
MUSCLE: glycolysis 2ATP out

Question 5

Glucose/glycogen

Answer 5

1% typical E stores in humans

Question 6

Glycogen

Answer 6

alpha 1–>4 glycosidic bonds with alpha 1–> 6 branch points

Question 7

Glycogenolysis

Answer 7

1) Glycogen phosphorylase
2) Debranching: 1) transfers a block of 3 glucose residues 2) alpha 1,6 glucosidase activity
3) Phosphoglucomutase (has a serine + OH, which swaps for phosphate)

Question 8

Glycogenesis

Answer 8

1) glucose + ATP –> G6P
2) G6P (phosphoglucomutase) –> G1P
3) G1P + UTP (UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase) –> UDP-glucose + pyrophosphate
4) UDP-glucose + (glycogenin)n –> UDP + (glycogenin)n+1
5) Glycogen branching enzyme (amylo (1–>4) to (1 –> 6) transglycosylase); catalyses the transfer of 6-7 glucose molecules from the non-reducing end of a glycogen branch have at least 11 residues