L10, Technological development in networks Flashcards
What is the traditional view on technology development
Technology development is mainly an internal affair for the innovating company
Describe the network view on technological development
Technology development takes place as an interaction process involving several actors in a network
which are the counterparts that a company would consider to interact/collaborate with in network?
- University
- government agency
- customer’s customer
- customer
- distributor
- complimentary producer
- competitor
- VC firm
- supplier
- Supplier’s supplier
- “bridning organizations “ for universities
Importance of different types of partners?
According to Håkansson (1990) 76% of the business relationships are with customers and suppliers
why business relationships?
- To increase efficiency and effectiveness in the ordinary business exchange
—> product performance
—> cost
—> deliveries - For technological development
—> making major product adaptions
—> learning and teaching
—> creating innovations
Why are business relationships used in product development according to Håkansson (1987)
- Knowledge development
—> interactive effects
—> multi-competence effects - Resource mobilization
- Activity coordination
Describe the multi-faceted phenomenon!
The lingage to ongoing business exchange between supplier and customer parameters:
- different intensity/closenes
- Short term/ long term
- different division of power and control
- Different division of labour and responsibility
- Different degree of formalization
This could also be divided according to the number of actors
what does collaboration characteristics depend on?
1. type of innovation —> incremental vs radical —> existing product vs new product —> science-based vs needs-driven —> technology push vs market pull —> standard product vs. customized products
- Type of actors
—> large vs. small firms - Type of relationship
—> existing vs. new
what are the key questions according to large-Hellman, Lind & Perna with regards to involvement of customers/users in product development?
- why
- when
- How
- Who
- What
What is meant by the first question why?
Why are customers involved?
- understand the customer needs
- reduce development costs and time-to-market
- source of new ideas and solutions
- testing in use settings
- early saled
- references
- loyal customers
- “legitimation”
- “co-development”
- need for major customer adaption of the product
What is meant by the second question when?
When/ in what phase should the customer involvement be?
- prestudy
- concept study
- detailed development
- final development
- commercialization
Common pattern:
- low intensity in the platform technology development
- high in concept development phase
- lower in detail design phase
- high in test phase and longing phase
What is meant by the third question how?
How are customers involved?
- information exchange in business relationships
- specific techniques for needs analysis (QFD, Kano etc.
- surveys
- interviews
- workshops and focus groups
- observation of user behavior
- testing together with customers/users
What is meant by the fourth question who?
Who is involved?
- Type of customer/user
—> position in the value chain?
—> direct customer or end-user?
—> lead-user or ordinary user? - Number of customers/users
—> few or many?
—> dyadic or multi-relational collaboration - Selection/recruitment methods
- Type on
e.g. volvo
before: dealers
now: road haulers
—> owners & fleet managers
—> drivers
What is meant by the fifth question what?
What does the customer involvement focus on?
- Which ideas, concepts, prototypes?
- which product features?
Name some difficulties/challenges related to customer involvement
- finding suitable and willing partners
- Creating effective involvement and relationships
—> need for interaction capability
