Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MAPD 2 > L10: Psychology of Suicidal Behaviour > Flashcards

L10: Psychology of Suicidal Behaviour Flashcards

1
Q

What is the prevalence of suicidal behaviour?

A
  • more than 700.000 ppl die to suicide per year
  • in nl, around 1850, 5 every day
  • 4th leading cause of death among 15-29y olds
  • 77% of global suicides occur in low- and middle income countries
  • ingestion of pesticides, hanging & firearms are most common methods
  • more men than women die by suicide
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How can we identify specific groups at risk for suicide using methodology?

A

use disaggregated rates at least by sex, age, and method
-> provides info necessary for understanding the issue & allows us to tailor prevention strategies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are some trends in suicide prevalence?

A
  • higher rates in men than women (male female paradox)
  • more in low income countries, but percentage wise more in high income (vulnerability paradox)
  • more in under age of 50y
  • decrease in last 20years, everywhere but in americas
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What could explain the male female paradox in suicide?

A
  • men are more aggressive so use more deadly methods of suicide
  • worse at talking about feelings
  • cultural aspect (that there is an image that men dont do attempts they do suicides)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the myths on suicide?

A
  • Asking about suicide puts an idea into someone’s head
  • Most people die by suicide during the Christmas holidays
  • Someone thinking of suicide wants to die
  • The media influences the number of suicides
  • Antidepressants increase the risk of suicide
  • Artists have an increased risk of suicide
  • Suicide runs in the family
  • Women mostly talk about suicide, men die more often
  • Suicide rate rises during an economic recession
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do we mean by suicidal behaviour?

Suicide, suicide attempt

A

suicide: the act of deliberately killing oneself
suicide attempt: any non-fatal suicidal beahviour, intentional self inflicted poisoning, injury, or self harm, which may or may not have a fatal intent or outcome
suicidal behaviour: range of behaviours that include thoughts about suicide (or ideation), suicide plans, attempting suicide, and suicide itself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the risk factors for non-fatal suicidal behaviours?

A
  • being a woman
  • being young
  • being unmarried
  • being socially disadvantaged (low income & education, or unemployed)
  • presence of a previous psychiatric disorder (tho most psychiatric patients never become suicidal)
  • not feeling like part of a group
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What, according to the Oconnor paper, are the main groups of factors associated with suicide risk?

A
  1. personality & individual differences
  2. cognitive factors
  3. social factors
  4. negative life events
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What personality & individual differences factors play a role in suicidal behaviour risk/protection?

A

higher risk if
- hopelessness
- impulsivity
- perfectionism
- neuroticism
- low extraversion
- optimism
- resilience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What cognitive factors play a role in suicidal behaviour risk/protection?

A

higher risk if
- cognitive rigidity/inflexibility (so think suicide is only option)
- rumination
- thought suppression
- autobio memory biases (cant remember autobio memories well)
- lack of perceived belongingness
- perceived burdensomeness
- fearlessness about injury/death
- pain insensitivity
- difficulties problem solving & coping
- agitation
- implicit associations with death & self
- attentional biases towards suicide & death
- impaired positive future thinking on future & goal adjustment
- little desire to live
- defeat & entrapment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What social factors play a role in suicidal behaviour risk/protection?

A

increased risk if
- social transmission (history of suicide/suicidal behaviour around you)
- modelling (ex in media)
- social isolation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What negative life events play a role in suicidal behaviour risk/protection?

A

increased risk if
- childhood adversities
- traumatic life events in adulthood
- physical illness
- other interpersonal stressors
- psychophysiological stress response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the difficulties associated with research on suicidal beahviour?

A
  • a lot of suicidal behaviour is invisible (happens at home)
    challenges with registration
  • suicide rates vary between countries from 0-44 per 100k
  • of the whos 170countries, 80 provide good quality data
  • lots of differences between these countries!!
  • suicide often miscoded due to stigma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the vulnerability paradox?

A

the countries that at a national level have the best protective factors against suicide (like health system, good education, safety)
tend to have higher suicide rates per 100k

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What could explain the vulnerability paradox?

A

in more developed countries theres:
- more individualized societies
- more good counting & stats on the figures
- we die less by other things

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What has been the change in suicide rates 2000-2019?

A
  • absolute figures: red from 883k to 703k
  • age standardized suicide rate reduced by 36%
  • 17% reduction eastern mediterranean region
  • 47% reduction in EU region
  • 49% reduction in western pacific
  • in americas, increase by 17%

in netherlands suicide rates have been stable since in 2013

17
Q

What are some suicide prevention strategies on the societal & community levels?

A
  • societal level: awareness campaings
  • community level: focus on discriminated groups
18
Q

How do we measure how many suicide attempts are happening?

A
  • from medical records
  • self reports in surveys of community residents (NEMESIS)
19
Q

What are the methodological challenges w registring suicide attempts?

A
  • changing survey instruments
  • changing samples
  • time-frame might change ppls attempts
  • literacy of sample
  • different languages
  • stigma
  • fluctuation of suicidal behaviour over time
20
Q

What is NEMESIS II?

A
  • large longitudinal national study on occurence of mental health problem in NL
  • different instrument used in most recent wave: for the first time suicidal behaviour was measured as separate topic, not as part of depression section
  • asks in an indirect way about suicdality
21
Q

What were the nemesis II findings?

A
  • suicidal thoughts: 8.3
  • suicide attempt: 2.2
  • of the ppl w suicidal thoughts, 58% had depression
  • the other way around: 26% of ppl w depression had suicidal thoughts
  • 70% of ppl w histroy of suicide attempt also had depression
  • other way around: 8.4% of ppl w depression also had suicide attempt
22
Q

What is the goethe or werchter effect? and papageno effect?

A

that media can affect suicidality: like any positive attention to suicide (idealization)
(13 reasons why, when celebrity dies, when method is mentioned)

papageno: some media can also have positive effect if character overcomes it

23
Q

What are some important strategic goals in the national agenda for suicide prevention?

A
  • dare & learn to talk about suicide
  • train professionals
  • invest in suicide prevention in the neighbourhood
  • increase reach of specific risk groups (like middle aged men)
  • improve care by collaboration between professionals, loved ones & ppl w lived experiences
  • limiting access to means (like fences around railways)
  • develop national learning system (learn from data)
24
Q

What are the different theoretical models of suicidal behaviour?

A
  • Durkheim wrote on societal role of suicide
  • Baumeister: suicide as escape from self
  • interpersonal theory of suicidal behaviour
  • integrated motivational volitional model of suicidal behaviour
25
Q

How does Joiner’s interpersonal theory of suicidal behaviour explain suicidal behaviour?

A

thwarted belongingness (i am alone) & perceived burdensomeness(i am a burden) -> suicidal desire, ideation, thoughts
if this suicidal desire + capability for suicide -> high risk of serious suicide attempt

26
Q

How does the integrated motivational-volitional model of suicidal behaviour conceptualize suicidal behaviour?

A

as a behaviour (rather than a byproduct of mental disorders) that develops through motivational & volitional phases
- motivational phase describes factors that rule the dev of suicidal ideation intent (here feelings of defeat & entrapment are central)
- volitional phase describes the factors that determines whether someone attempts suicide

27
Q

Define entrapment (from the integrated suicide model) & its 2 sub-types

A
  • the experience of “defeat” and “humiliation” from which there is no escape
  • internal entrapment: i want to escape from myself/my own thoughts
  • external entrapment: i want to escape from my situation
  • some debate about whether defeat = entrapment (“i feel i have not made it in life, i feel powerless”)
28
Q

What are the volitional moderators from the integrated suicide model?

aka the factors that make u go from suicidal ideation to behaviour

A
  • access to means
  • planning
  • exposure to suicide or suicidal behaviour
  • impulsivity
  • physical pain sensitivity/endurance
  • fearlessness about death
  • mental imagery
  • past suicidal behaviour
29
Q

Is it possible to treat suicidal behaviour?

A
  • there are no interventions that give great effects
  • we dont know which treatment works best in which situation
30
Q

What are the different treatments of suicidal behaviour?

A
  • recognise these issues
  • ++ interventions give small effects so offer min 1 of these to at risk patients
  • look at how far some interventions, like online ones, can reach!
  • safety planning!
  • CBT/IPT: problem solving or cognitive therapy focused on suicidality
  • Dialectical behavioural therapy
  • Collaborative Assesment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS Framework)
31
Q

How does CBT focused on suicide prevention work?

A

10-12 outpatient sessions
1st phase: suicide risk assessment, treatment plan, safety plan, & skills training on emotion regulation and crisis management
2nd phase: identify & challenge patients maladaptive beliefs & self statements that contribute to suicidality (like hopeless)
3rd phase: relapse prevention task

32
Q

how can we improve the monitoring of suicide?

A
  • improve death registration
  • improve cause-of-death collection
  • improve regular household health surveys
  • improve complete facility recording

MAPD 2 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions