L10 Protein synthesis Flashcards
What are the two main processes in protein synthesis?
Transcription and Translation
Where does transcription occur in eukaryotic cells?
In the nucleus
What enzyme is responsible for synthesizing RNA during transcription?
RNA polymerase
What are the three main steps of transcription?
Initiation, Elongation, and Termination
What modifications does pre-mRNA undergo in eukaryotes?
5’ cap addition, 3’ poly-A tail addition, and intron splicing
Where does translation occur in the cell?
In the cytoplasm on ribosomes
How many nucleotides are in a codon?
Three nucleotides
What molecule brings amino acids to the ribosome during translation?
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
How many stop codons are there in the genetic code?
Three (UAA, UAG, UGA)
What does it mean that the genetic code is degenerate?
Multiple codons can specify the same amino acid
