L10 Postural Alignment and Control Flashcards
postural control
control body position for stability and orientation
use sensory, motor, biomechanics
postural orientation
maintain appropriate relationship between body segments and environment for a task
postural alignment
biomechanical alignment
automatic posture we assume
center of mass vs center of gravity
COM is point at the center of the body’s mass
COG is the vertical projection of the COM
base of support
area of body in contact with the support surface
normal COM
anterior to S2
What muscle groups are the first active in maintaining upright standing posture
gastroc/soleus - PFs
pretibial muscles activate automatically to correct COM
How does the nervous system control COM?
it has to be able to estimate the position of the OCM based on sensory receptors (muscle spindles, somatosensory, vestibular, joint receptors)
landmarks of posterior view postural alignment analysis
ear height
upper shoulder height
acromion height
lower thoracic
humeral folds
pelvis height
PSIS
genu varum/valgus
calcaneus/midfoot
Adam’s test is for what?
scoliosis
forward bend
What to look for in Adam’s test
shoulder height, space between arms and back
symmetry
sagittal postural analysis landmarks
external auditory meatus
forward head
thoracic kyphosis/spinal shape
knee hyperextension
What muscles are active in static standing?
soleus/gastroc
erector spinae
abdominals
paraspinals in cervical
How does a forward head affect scapula musculature?
rearranges their insertion sites, angling them to reduce their efficiency
increases thoracic kyphosis
can create upper crossed
force couple of the pelvis
iliopsoas, abdominals pull pelvis into posterior tilt from front of body
glut max and hamstrings pull pelvis into posterior pelvis tilt from back of body
erector spinae pull pelvis into anterior tilt from back
rectus femoris pulls pelvis into anterior tilt from the front
tight or weak musculature affects pelvis tilt
back posture caused by anterior pelvic tilt
hyper lordosis of the lumbar
back posture caused by posterior pelvic tilt
flat back
factors of dynamic postural control
biomechanical alignment in static position
muscle groups organization of firing based on the task
tasks
BOS and COG alignment in walking
BOS and COG should be over the line of gravity
keep COG within BOS to maintain balance and reduce work
what are postural strategies
set neuromuscular patterns
fast unconscious motor pattern to adapt to changes in COM
strategy to react to perturbation
How do postural strategies work
- respond to sensory input
- activate sensory response
- muscular system responds quickly with set muscular response
ankle strategy
easiest to maintain balance
not having it is a sensation or TA problem
synergistic adult pattern
+ stepping response
pretibial muscles turn on in response to a perturbation
hip strategy
go into hip flexion/ext
better for bigger perturbations than ankle
