L10 Postural Alignment and Control

Question 1

postural control

Answer 1

control body position for stability and orientation
use sensory, motor, biomechanics

Question 2

postural orientation

Answer 2

maintain appropriate relationship between body segments and environment for a task

Question 3

postural alignment

Answer 3

biomechanical alignment
automatic posture we assume

Question 4

center of mass vs center of gravity

Answer 4

COM is point at the center of the body’s mass
COG is the vertical projection of the COM

Question 5

base of support

Answer 5

area of body in contact with the support surface

Question 6

normal COM

Answer 6

anterior to S2

Question 7

What muscle groups are the first active in maintaining upright standing posture

Answer 7

gastroc/soleus - PFs
pretibial muscles activate automatically to correct COM

Question 8

How does the nervous system control COM?

Answer 8

it has to be able to estimate the position of the OCM based on sensory receptors (muscle spindles, somatosensory, vestibular, joint receptors)

Question 9

landmarks of posterior view postural alignment analysis

Answer 9

ear height
upper shoulder height
acromion height
lower thoracic
humeral folds
pelvis height
PSIS
genu varum/valgus
calcaneus/midfoot

Question 10

Adam’s test is for what?

Answer 10

scoliosis
forward bend

Question 11

What to look for in Adam’s test

Answer 11

shoulder height, space between arms and back
symmetry

Question 12

sagittal postural analysis landmarks

Answer 12

external auditory meatus
forward head
thoracic kyphosis/spinal shape
knee hyperextension

Question 13

What muscles are active in static standing?

Answer 13

soleus/gastroc
erector spinae
abdominals
paraspinals in cervical

Question 14

How does a forward head affect scapula musculature?

Answer 14

rearranges their insertion sites, angling them to reduce their efficiency
increases thoracic kyphosis
can create upper crossed

Question 15

force couple of the pelvis

Answer 15

iliopsoas, abdominals pull pelvis into posterior tilt from front of body
glut max and hamstrings pull pelvis into posterior pelvis tilt from back of body
erector spinae pull pelvis into anterior tilt from back
rectus femoris pulls pelvis into anterior tilt from the front
tight or weak musculature affects pelvis tilt

Question 16

back posture caused by anterior pelvic tilt

Answer 16

hyper lordosis of the lumbar

Question 17

back posture caused by posterior pelvic tilt

Answer 17

flat back

Question 18

factors of dynamic postural control

Answer 18

biomechanical alignment in static position
muscle groups organization of firing based on the task
tasks

Question 19

BOS and COG alignment in walking

Answer 19

BOS and COG should be over the line of gravity
keep COG within BOS to maintain balance and reduce work

Question 20

what are postural strategies

Answer 20

set neuromuscular patterns
fast unconscious motor pattern to adapt to changes in COM
strategy to react to perturbation

Question 21

How do postural strategies work

Answer 21

1. respond to sensory input
2. activate sensory response
3. muscular system responds quickly with set muscular response

Question 22

ankle strategy

Answer 22

easiest to maintain balance
not having it is a sensation or TA problem
synergistic adult pattern
+ stepping response
pretibial muscles turn on in response to a perturbation

Question 23

hip strategy

Answer 23

go into hip flexion/ext
better for bigger perturbations than ankle