L1 Gait Theory and Spatial Temporal Parameters Flashcards
Two main theories of gait
inverted pendulum and six determinants of gait
six determinants of gait theory
6 major features reduce work expenditure in gait by reducing how much the COM is displaced
sagittal plane:
1. hip flexion
2. knee flexion,
3. knee flexion
4. ankle flexion
transverse:
5. pelvic rotation
frontal:
6. lateral pelvic tilt
kinematics
study of motion of joints
ROM, velocity/speed, direction
two major phases in gait kinematics
double limb support and single limb support
majority of cycle in single limb support
inverted pendulum theory
stance leg is kept straight in single limb support, acting as an inverted pendulum
COM travels in a series of arcs, but because of the stance limb pendulum this movement does not require much work
Why is gait velocity important in a clinical setting?
patients need to maintain a certain gait speed in order to safely ambulate in their community
maintaining an appropriate gait speed for their age is associated with better outcomes and independence without falls
stance phase
What part of the gait cycle? About what %?
given foot is in contact with the ground
about 60% OF CYCLE
heel strike to toe off
swing phase
About what %?
given foot not in contact with ground
about 40% of cycle
two points of double limb support in gait cycle
each takes up 11% of cycle
between initial contact and toe off on each leg
gait cycle
right initial contact to right initial contact
step length
calcaneus to contralateral foot calcaneus
stride length
calcaneus to calcaneus of ipsilateral side
step width
mid pt of calcaneus to mid pt of other
foot angle
angle of the foot in the transverse plane, everted or inverted basically
cadence and step length
How does step length influence cadence?
an increase in step length will decrease the cadence of steps to maintain the same velocity
