L10 motor disorders

Question 1

higher cognitive aspects of motor planning include

Answer 1

sequencing,

planning and timing, imagery (motor neurons), expertise (e.g. musical instrument)

Question 2

execution

Answer 2

motor cortex

Question 3

preparation

Answer 3

pre motor cortex (Internal = SMA, external = lateral)

Question 4

planning

Answer 4

prefrontal cortex

Question 5

sensory motor links

Answer 5

parietal lobe

Question 6

hemiplegia

Answer 6

paralysis of one side of the body

Question 7

hemiparesis

Answer 7

weakness of one side of the body

Question 8

saccades (speed duration)

Answer 8

1000deg/sec, 20-200ms, perception is suppressed during movement

Question 9

smooth pursuit (speed and need)

Answer 9

50deg/sec, needs a stimulus to follow

Question 10

coordination of bimanual tasks

Answer 10

is in the SMA, CEREBELLUM AND PMCs

Question 11

Learning sequences

Answer 11

–> automatic = inrceased activity in the SMA and decreased in the motor cortex and dorsal prefrontal areas and lateral PMC

Question 12

TMS sequence learning

Answer 12

SMA effected complex sequences only. Motor cortex effected all.

Question 13

lateral PMC is associated with

Answer 13

manipulating objects

Question 14

Medial PMC

Answer 14

SMA gets proprioceptive feedback from limbs

Question 15

prefrontal areas

Answer 15

not specific to task and select actions and maintain goals

Question 16

finger moving free will

Answer 16

= more activity in the dorsal prefrontal cortex

Question 17

prefrontal lesions cause

Answer 17

preservation, utilisation, frontal ataxia and disinhibition

Question 18

utilisation

Answer 18

impaired selectivity of SAS

Question 19

Frontal apraxia

Answer 19

unable to make tea

Question 20

SAS model

Answer 20

schemas for actions are competitive and are selected/deactivated by the prefrontal cortex (contention scheduling). allows for offline control. can be triggered by external cues or internally driven.

Question 21

disinhibition

Answer 21

anti saccade task

Question 22

contention scheduling

Answer 22

schemas for actions are competitive and are selected/deactivated by the prefrontal cortex

Question 23

frontal apraxia

Answer 23

either SAS damage or parietal lobe damage preventing performance of purposeful skillful actions

Question 24

ideomotor apraxia

Answer 24

idea and execution become dissociated leading to lack of meaningless mimicry and inability to perform components of a sequence, though whole sequence is fine.

Question 25

cerebellum

Answer 25

dysmetria = over or undershooting of movements, constant tremor

Question 26

basal ganglia

Answer 26

parkinsons (SNc) - intitation tremor

Question 27

parkinsons symptoms

Answer 27

-smaller writing -esp. internally genrated but also extern gened are harder -impairement in complex bimanual movements - cognitive effects such as attention