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CMB2001 > L10 > Flashcards

L10 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the range of hlf-life for RNA’s

A

Minutes to days

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2
Q

Why do we need to remove DNA?

A

Damaged DNA
Incorrectly transcribed/processed mRNA
Control gene expression

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3
Q

What are the 2 ways mRNA loop can be broken?

A

Loss of the cap OR by progressive loss of the poly (A). tail.

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4
Q

What form of decay do most RNA go through?

A

Deadenylation-dependent decay

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5
Q

What occurs in deadenylation-dependent decay?

A

Removal of poly(A) tail.

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6
Q

What enzymes are involved in the deadenylation-dependent decay?

A

CCR4-NOT (complex)

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7
Q

What is the exosome?

A

A complex of nucleases and other enzymes

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8
Q

What does the exosome do to the RNA?

A

Unwinds the 3’ end

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9
Q

What things are involved in the decapping of mRNA?

A

DCP1,DCP2 complex and XRN1

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10
Q

What are the 2 enzymes that decay most the RNA

A

Exosome - 3’ to 5’
XRN1 - 5’ to 3’

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11
Q

What do endonucleases do?

A

Cut RNA through the middle

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12
Q

List three endonucleases

A

Argonaute, Swt1, Smg6

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13
Q

What is the general method for RNA degradation?

A

Removal of the cap and the poly(A) tail

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14
Q

What enzymes are involved in deanylation-dependent decay?

A

Deadenylysases (CCR4 NOT)

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15
Q

What enzymes are involved in 3’ to 5’ degradation?

A

Exosome

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16
Q

What enzymes are involved in decapping of mRNA?

A

DCP1&2

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17
Q

What enzymes are involved in 5’ to 3’ degradation?

A

XRN1

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18
Q

Is the exosome involved in RNA turnover and processing?

A

Yes

19
Q

What subunits engage in nuclease activities

A

RRP6 - only in the nuclease
RRP44 - KEY PROTEIN IN FOR DEG. in cytoplasm

20
Q

What other things to the subnits fx in?

A

RNA binding and unwinding

21
Q

Is XRN1 involved in RNA turnover and processing?

A

Yes

22
Q

List things XRN1 is involved in

A

RNA turnover and processing
Transcription termination
fxs after decapping of the mRNA

23
Q

What causes deadenylation-dep. decay?

A

AU rich element/ARE
Nonsense codon: stop codon in the wrong place ?

24
Q

What could cause a nonsense mutation?

A

Transcription, spilcing, editing, polyadenylation, mutations

25
Q

What occurs in nonsense Mediated Decay

A

Mistakes (PTC - premature stop codons) in the RNA are detected, RNA is targeted for degradation

26
Q

What portion of inherited disorders are caused by nonsense or frameshift mutations that can introduce PTC

A

1/3

27
Q

At what distance from the original stop codon is a PTC (premature stop codon) treated normally

A

Less than or equal to 55 nucleotides

28
Q

At what distance from the original stop codon is a PTC (premature stop codon) treated as a potential NMD (nonsense mediated decay)

A

Greater than 55 nucleotides

29
Q

When are the EJC (exon junction complexes) removed from the mRNA?

A

First round of translation

30
Q

What removes the EJC (exon junction complexes) from the mRNA?

A

Ribosome

31
Q

When is the EJC not removed?

A

When the mRNA leaves the ribosome too soon

32
Q

What proteins interact with the RNA degradation machine if there are remaining EJCs?

A

UPF proteins

33
Q

What is RNA surveillance?

A

Ensuring that the RNA is working properly

34
Q

What is RNAi?

A

RNA interference

35
Q

What is siRNA?

A

Small inhibitory RNA

36
Q

What is miRNA?

A

Micro RNA

37
Q

What is RISC?

A

RNA induced silencing complex

38
Q

How long are miRNAs?

A

21-23 nucletide RNAs

39
Q

How long are siRNAs?

A

21-23 nucleotide RNAs

40
Q

Are miRNA perfectly complimentary to target RNA

A

No

41
Q

Are siRNA perfectly complimentary to target RNA

A

Yes

42
Q

Which is involved in viral defence mechanism? siRNA or miRNA

A

siRNA

43
Q

Which is involved in key gene regulatory mechanism in the cell? siRNA or miRNA

A

miRNA

44
Q
A

CMB2001 (8 decks)

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