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CMB2001 > L05 > Flashcards

L05 Flashcards

ethics

1
Q

What is NF-kB?

A

Nuclear Factor of the kappa Immunoglobulin light chain in B cells

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2
Q

What is the NF-κB transcription factor pathway

A

Mechanisms leading to NF-κB activation and how NF-κB functions as a transcription factor to regulate gene expression.

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3
Q

What is a nuclear factor?

A

A protein that regulates genes involved in cell growth

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4
Q

Role of NF-kB

A

regulating inflammation, DNA damage, cell death, cell adhesion and proliferation.

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5
Q

What’s the common domain in the mammalian NF-kB family?

A

Rel Homology Domain

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6
Q

What are the two types of NF-kB subfamilies in mammals?

A

p and the Rel

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7
Q

What are the 5 members of the NF-kB

A

RelA, RelB, c-Rel, p52, p50

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8
Q

What does the RHD (Rel Homology Domain) do?

A

encodes the DNA binding and dimerisation functions of NF-kB

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9
Q

How long is the RHD

A

300 amino acid doman

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10
Q

ubiquitination is?

A

A mechanism the cell uses to degrade target proteins

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11
Q

How does ubiquitination work?

A

Ubiquitin attach to to the protein, form a chain, marking for proteosome which degrades the protein and either reuses amino acids or sends ‘remains’ for Ant. Presentation (AP)

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12
Q

What enzyme is involved in ubiquitisation

A

E3 ubiquitin ligase

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13
Q

What is NF-kB induced by?

A

Inflammatory cytokines
Bacterial products
Viral proteins & infection
DNA-damage
Cell Stress

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14
Q

What does NF-kB regulate?

A

The immune and inflammatory responses
Stress responses
Cell survival and cell death
Cell adhesion
Proliferation

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15
Q

What are the IkKB three core subunits?

A

IkK alpha (1), IkK beta (2), IkK gamma (nemo )

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16
Q

What are the catalytic subunits of IKK complex?

A

IkK alpha (1), IkK beta (2)

17
Q

Why are they the IKK catalytic subunits?

A

Kinase domain

18
Q

What is the regulatory subunit in the IKK?

A

IkK gamma (nemo)

19
Q

How do IkB inactivate proteins?

A

Contain ankyrin repeat motifs in their C termini -> there form the alpha helix stack -> allowing IkB to bind to protein, inhibiting the protein

20
Q

What amino acids do PEST domains contain?

A

P - Proline, E - Glutamate, S - Serine, T - Threonine

21
Q

What IKK subunit is the canonical pathway for the activation of NF-kB through?

A

IKK Beta, Alpha and Gamma.

22
Q

What is the NF-KB dimer formed through the canonical pathway?

A

p50 and RelA

23
Q

What IKK subunit is the non-canonical pathway for the activation of NF-kB through?

A

IKK alpha

24
Q

What is the NF-KB dimer formed through the non-canonical pathway?

A

p52 and RelB

25
Q

What enzyme is involved in the non-canonical pathway

A

NIK

26
Q

Name the three main functions of NF-kB patway

A

Immunity, inflammation and apoptosis

27
Q

How does a diseased cell function differently from a normal cell in terms of NF-kB?

A

Normal - inactive
Diseased - constantly active

28
Q

List the multiple levels of regulation combine to give transcriptional security

A

Phosphorylation and degradation of IkB.
Translocation of the NF-kB to the nucleus. Modification of the NF-kB subunits.
DNA binding and gaining access to promoter/enhancer (chromatin remodelling)
Transactivation - interaction with the Basal Transcription Complex and Coactivators

29
Q

Role of parallel signalling

A

regulate each of the steps involved in the levels of regulation

30
Q

What does p50 and RelA (p65) bind to in the beta interferon enhancer elements

A

PRDII

31
Q

What do the IRT bind to in the beta interferon enhancer elements

A

PRD I-III

32
Q

What does ATF2and C-Jun bind to in the beta interferon enhancer elements

A

PRD IV

33
Q

What is the difference between the response for COVID-19 and other viral infections?

A

Suppresses the host’s anti-viral interferons response leading to high levels of inflammation and low levels of anti-virals

34
Q

Do some chromatin states require chromatin remodelling

A

Yes

35
Q

Phosphorylation of x results in the exposure of its two CBP binding domains. What is X?

A

p65

CMB2001 (8 decks)

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