L1: Plant growth + differentiation

Question 1

Key features of plant organisation:

1. Organs made up from ___ tissue systems: ___
2. ___ construction
3. Growth from ___

Answer 1

1. • 3
     - leaves, stems, roots
2. modular
3. meristems

Question 2

The basic plant body:

1. Vegetative organs: (3)
2. Reproductive organs: (2)
3. Organs: contain ___
4. Tissues: contain 1 or more ___

Answer 2

1. roots, stems, leaves
2. flowers, seed
3. tissues
4. cell type

Question 3

Modular construction:

1. Plants are made from ___ units (modules)
2. Module: (4)

Answer 3

1. repeating

2. internode, node, leaf, axillary bud

Question 4

3 tissue systems

Answer 4

1. dermal
2. ground
3. outer

Question 5

Tissue systems:

1. Dermal: ___ of plant
2. Ground: carries out ___, stores ___ products, helps ___ plant
3. Vascular: conducts _ throughout plant

Answer 5

1. outer covering
2. • photosynthesis
     - photosynthetic
     - support
3. water and solutes

Question 6

Plant structural variation is ecologically and economically important:
1. Growth:
> _ of cells increase
2. Differentiation:
> _ of leaves roots, stems
> Variation in _ of specialised tissues and cells
3. Development:
> sum of _
> few celled or single celled reproductive structure transformed into _ plant body

Answer 6

1. number and size
2. > number and arrangement
   amounts and types
3. > growth and differentiation
   multicellular

Question 7

Plant body plan starts in embryo:
1. Structure of dicot embryo established along 2 axes with different domains:
> _ cells
> _ cells
> _ tissue
2. [early on in embryo development the 3 _ are there]

[necessary to see diagram]

Answer 7

1. > epidermal
   cortical
   vascular
2. tissues

Question 8

Arabidopsis as a model plant system:
1. > _ plant,
> _ life cycle,
> _ fertile
> Good for getting _
> _ genome
2. _ - commonly ethyl methanesulfonate
3. Only few cells in embryo carry mutations, giving mutant _
4. > Flowers in mutant sectors are _ to give M2 seedling.
> _ carry recessive mutations in homozygous state

Answer 8

1. > compact 
> short 
> self 
> mutants 
> small 
2. mutagen
3. sectors
4. > selfed
> 1 in 4

Question 9

Pattern mutants of Arabidopsis reveal genes implicated in determining body plan:

1. Different parts _ in different mutants
2. Aprox 4000 genes required for _ but only 1% involved in development of _

Answer 9

1. missing
2. > embryogenesis
   body plan

Question 10

Pattern mutants of Arabidopsis reveal genes implicated in determining body plan:
Phenotypes indicate that:
1. There are distinct regions in the embryo whose development is controlled to some extent _
2. Radial organisation (vascular - ground - epidermis) can be correct when _ organisation is disturbed

Answer 10

1. independently

2. apical - basal